Symposium 26
Mental effect of trace lithium and light
シンポジウム26
微量なリチウムや光の精神作用 |
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| SY26-1
Anti-suicide and anti-dementia effects of trace lithium
微量なリチウムの抗自殺効果と抗認知症作用
Ishii Nobuyoshi（石井 啓義），寺尾 岳
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine
Lithium therapy is generally accepted for bipolar disorder and treatment-resistant depression. In addition, not a few reports have indicated that lithium exerts anti-suicide effect. Furthermore, this effect may be exerted even at concentrations much lower than therapeutic concentrations. So far, we have continued to study this anti-suicide effect of trace lithium. Firstly, we found that there was a significantly negative association between tap water lithium concentrations and suicide rates in 18 municipalities in Oita prefecture (British Journal of Psychiatry, Ohgami et al, 2009). Secondly, the associations between the tap water lithium concentrations and suicide rates in 274 municipalities of Kyushu were examined with adjustment of socioeconomic and climatic factors. We found that there was a significantly negative association between lithium tap water concentrations and male suicide rates (Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Ishii et al, 2015). Thirdly, the data of Hokkaido and Kyushu were combined and analyzed with adjustment of a wide range of climatic factors, showing that there remained a significantly negative association between lithium tap water concentrations and male suicide rates (Journal of Affective Disorders, Shiotsuki et al, 2016). Finally, we are now investigating all over Japan (786 cities and Tokyo 23 districts). Also, Kessing et al (2018) suggest that long-term increased lithium exposure in drinking water may be associated with a lower incidence of dementia in a nonlinear way. Further studies are required to investigate anti-suicide and anti-dementia effects of trace lithium. | | SY26-2
Dose bright light therapy induce the neurogenesis in human brain ?
高照度光療法は神経新生を促進するか？
Hirakawa Hirofumi（平川 博文），河野 健太郎，秦野 浩司，寺尾 岳
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
Bright light therapy (BLT) is the treatment of choice for seasonal affective disorder and has been investigated in a range of other indications including non-seasonal depression and bipolar depression. Various mechanisms for the action of BLT have been proposed, including modulation of circadian rhythms by regulating the suprachiasmatic nucleus, extension of the photoperiod, regulation of melatonin secretion, advancement of circadian rhythm, and interactions with serotonin. However, the exact mechanism of action of BLT in the treatment of depression remains unclear.Neurogenesis of the brain occur in two main neurogenic areas: the subventricular zone (SVZ) towards the olfactory bulb (OB) and the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of mammals including humans. Hippocampus and OB were also known to correlate with depression. Antidepressant treatment both restores neurogenesis in the hippocampus and the SVZ, and serves to normalize behavior in depression animal models, suggest that deficits in neurogenesis of these regions can act as a potential target for depression therapies. We focused on the study of adult rats that 4 weeks bright light exposure induced neurogenesis in the hippocampal DG using 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine. Our previous study showed that there was a significant increase of uptake in both right and left olfactory cortex for bright light exposure group in comparison with no intervention group. Also, an increase of uptake with significant tendency was found in the right hippocampus of bright light exposure group in comparison with no intervention group. We hypothesize the completely new mechanism of BLT that bright light may induce neurogenesis in OB and/or DG of the human brain. We will make a presentation about our new study to confirm our hypothesis. | | SY26-3
Dose lithium or light alters brain-derived neurotrophic factor in major depression?
リチウムや光の脳由来神経栄養因子への影響
Yoshimura Reiji（吉村 玲児）
Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
Mata-analyses demonstrated antidepressants increased serum/plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor recovered reduced BDNF in major depression, which was related with improving of clinical symptoms of major depression. In basic study, De-Paula et al. reported that chronic, low-dose lithium treatment up-regulates BDNF production in primary neuronal cell culture. In clinical study, De Soura et al. investigated the effect of lithium monotherapy on BDNF levels in acute mania. Although the study was preliminary with very small samples, A significant increase in plasma BDNF levels was observed after 28 days of therapy with lithium monotherapy compared to pre-treatment. Suwalka et al. reported that serum BDNF levels in excellent responders and partial responder to lithium treatment were significantly higher than those in nonresponders. The authors concluded serum BDNF is associated with lithium efficacy in bipolar disorder. Ricken et al. reported showing that lithium augmentation of an antidepressant strategy can increase BDNF serum concentrations. These findings suggest that lithium monotherapy or/and combined with antidepressants increase BDNF levels in mood disorders. A meta-analysis demonstrated a beneficial effect of light therapy in non-seasonal depression (Perara, 2016). One interesting report demonstrated standard light treatment changed the circadian rhythms of serum and saliva BDNF in healthy women, which indicated diurnal changes in BDNF and the personality traits associated with body rhythms. Overall, the effects of light therapy on BDNF still remains unknown. I will overview effects of lithium and/or light on BDNF in the present symposium. | | SY26-4
The effect of lithium and light on inflammatory cytokine
リチウムや光と炎症性サイトカイン
Atake Kiyokazu（阿竹 聖和）
Department of psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
About one of five people will suffer from a mood disorder during their lifetime. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of worldwide disability. Several clinical studies report a high prevalence of MDD comorbidity with inflammatory diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, metabolic disorders, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis. The number of articles shows that subsets of MDD patients display higher levels of inflammatory markers such as cytokines or circulating leukocytes. This observation informed the macrophage theory of depression, which argues that overactive cytokine secretion by macrophages (stimulated by allergens, chronic disease, estrogen, etc) drives the neuroendocrine disruptions observed in depressed individuals. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder and that lithium has anti-inflammatory effects that may contribute to its therapeutic efficacy. Some data suggest that lithium exerts anti-inflammatory effects (e.g., suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 expression, inhibition of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α production, and enhancement of IL-2 and IL-10 synthesis). Nevertheless, several reports indicate that lithium also exhibits pro-inflammatory properties (e.g., induction of IL-4, IL-6 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines synthesis).Light has been paid attention as the notable treatment for mood disorder, especially for seasonal affective disorder. However, there is no study finding out about its mechanism.In this symposium, I will overview about the effect or influence of lithium and light mainly based on inflammatory cytokines. | |
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