TOP ＞ Symposium

Symposium 36 Obecjtive and quantitative anayses of social behaviors and their disorder: Integration of basic and clinical research through quantitative analyses of facial expression, speech production, and behavior シンポジウム36 社会行動とその障害の客観定量化：表情、発話特徴、行動の定量分析を通した基礎と臨床の融合 SY36-1 Objectively quantificated facial expression representing autistic social deficits and effects of oxytocin on them 社会性の障害を表す客観定量化した自閉症的表情特徴とそれに対するオキシトシン治療効果 Yamasue Hidenori（山末 英典） Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, currently have no established treatment for its core symptoms. The disorders are characterized by two core symptoms including deficits in social communication and interaction, and repetitive and restricted behavior. The speaker’s group have reported oxytocin-induced improvements of autistic behaviors and core symptom and their neural bases such as basically disrupted brain functions. Although the neuropeptide has been expected as a novel therapeutic for the core symptoms of ASD, recent studies have suggested discrepancies in the efficacy between single-dose and repeated administration of oxytocin on ASD indicating a time-course change in efficacy. The discrepancies impede further development of the neuropeptide as a novel therapeutic for ASD. However, the hypothesis cannot be tested without a repeatable, objective, and quantitative measurement of the core symptoms of ASD. To test and verify the efficacy of repeated administration of oxytocin on ASD and its time-course change, we have recently developed an easily repeatable measurement that objectively quantifies facial expressions during Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. In the symposium, my talk will focus on the development of quantitative measurements of autistic facial expression and trial of efficacy of repeated oxytocin administration on the measurements. These challenges can promote further development of optimization of objective, quantitative, and repeatable outcome measure for autistic social deficits and optimized regimen of novel treatment. SY36-2 Increased body movement during sleep 2 to 3 hour after sleep onset in young children with autism spectrum disorder ウエアラブル計測により同定した自閉症幼児における睡眠特徴 Kikuchi Mitsuru（菊知 充）1，内藤 暢茂2，三邉 義雄1,2 1Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan 2Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan Children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) have been reported to suffer from sleep problems at a higher rate than typically developing children. However, no previous study focused on the time course of sleep structure after sleep onset in young children with ASD. There is a strong relationship between rate of body movements and sleep stages, with the rate decreasing during slow wave sleep. The aim of this study is to investigate the difference of the time course of sleep structure after sleep onset by measuring body movement between TD young children and young children with ASD. Twenty-six TD children and 21 children with ASD participated in this study. The ASD diagnosis was made according to the Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders (DISCO). The Ethics Committee of Kanazawa University Hospital approved the methods and procedures. For boy movement measurement during sleep, we used a 3 dimensional accelerometer. We used a wristwatch-like accelerometer which is attached to the waist and continuously records movement during sleep. This device used in the present study was the Gen-2 GSR Wristband (Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre, Leuven, Kingdom of Belgium). The parents were asked to attach the device to their child’s waist with an adjustable shirt for 3 nights. Time-series data of movement index (MI) during first one night, averaged MI data among first two nights and averaged MI data among three nights were used for analysis. Results demonstrated the higher MI 2 to 3 hours after sleep onset in children with ASD compared with TD children. This is the first report to demonstrate atypical time course of sleep structure after sleep onset in young children with ASD. SY36-3 Surrogate markers in peripheral blood for autism spectrum disorder and their ability to assess therapeutic effect 自閉スペクトラム症の血液マーカーとその治療効果判定能 Kuwabara Hitoshi（桑原 斉） Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Clinical diagnosis and severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are determined by trained clinicians based on clinical evaluations of observed behaviors. As such, this approach is inevitably dependent on the expertise and subjective assessment of those administering the clinical evaluations. To identify novel candidate metabolites as potential biomarkers for ASD, we applied capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (CE-TOFMS) for profiling of metabolite levels in the plasma of adult males with high-functioning ASD and typically-developed control subjects. This study identified deviated plasma metabolite levels associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in individuals with ASD. Furthermore, we are developing such metabolites as novel surrogate markers associated with the treatment effect of a novel candidate for therapeutic on ASD core symptoms. In this symposium, its clinical implication, combining the results on surrogate marker of ASD (e.g. gaze tracking), as well as its potential utility in identification of next seeds for a novel treatment will be discussed. SY36-4 Objective and quantitative analyses of social behaviors in group-housed mice マウスの集団内社会行動の客観定量分析 Kakeyama Masaki（掛山 正心）1,2 1Waseda University Faculty of Human Sciences 2Research Insitute of Environmental Medical Sciences, Waseda University Difficulty in forming normal social relationships is an important behavioral phenotype for characterizing psychiatric disorders and is often used as a diagnostic criterion. Social relationships begin just after birth, first with the mother, and experience its relationships. Also in mice, they grow by receiving maternal care from their mothers. Numerous studies have reported that maternal separation and social isolation during infancy or juvenile development alter socio-emotional and cognitive behaviors in mice. We previously established a socially competitive behavioral task for a dozen mice by using automated behavioral phenotyping system IntelliCage. In this task, the mice that occupy the limited resource sites at the beginning of the session are classified as dominants, while those that fail to achieve access to the resource sites are classified as subordinates. We have reported that mice subjected to social isolation during infancy, mice with brain malformations resulting from defective neuronal migration exhibit low competitive dominance behavior. Recently, by using a newly developed video-analysis-based system, we found that adolescent social isolation results in deficient social relationship formation in adulthood, and that the behavior of other mice influences the social-emotional and social proximity of socially isolated mice. These results indicate that mice can be an experimental model to elucidate the biological basis of development of social relationships and social behaviors. In this presentation, how mouse studies can assess the capacity of mice to alter behavior in accordance with their surroundings, including in response to the social behaviors of other mice will also be discussed.