一般口演（Oral）

Oral Language and Communication 一般口演言語とコミュニケーション

7月26日（金）9:30～9:45　第8会場（朱鷺メッセ　3F　303+304） 2O-08m2-1 形態素分割による左側頭葉下部の活動の選択的変調：日本語動詞のMEG研究 Shinri Ohta（太田真理）¹，Yohei Oseki（大関洋平）^2,3,4，Alec Marantz（Marantz Alec）^2,5 ¹九州大院人文 ²Dept. Ling., NYU, New York, USA ³早稲田大院理工 ⁴理研AIP ⁵NYUAD Institute, NYU-AD, Abu Dhabi, UAE Previous magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies reported that morphologically complex words are decomposed into morphemes around 170 ms after the onset of visual stimuli (M170) in the left fusiform gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus (L. FG/ITG). Another MEG study found that transition probability between morphemes (morphTP) was correlated with the amplitude of the M170. As these studies targeted English, in which morphological boundaries are always letter boundaries, it is difficult to examine whether the M170 is modulated by morphTP or TP between letters (letterTP). We targeted the Japanese language since it uses kanji that basically represent verbal roots, as well as kana, each of which represents a mora. For example, in the Japanese verb mawa-s-u (turn), the verbal root mawa- and remaining part -s-u are represented by a single kanji and kana, respectively. Here, a voice morpheme -s and a tense morpheme -u are written as a single kana. In the present experiment, we compared the effects of morphTP (TP between mawa- and -s) and letterTP (TP between mawa- and -s-u) on the L. FG/ITG activation. We recruited 22 right-handed native speakers of Japanese (nine males, 35.5±7.3 yrs.). We used 112 Japanese verbs for each of intransitives, transitives, intransitive-causatives, and transitive-causatives, as well as the same number of nonwords (total 896 stimuli). The participants performed a visual lexical decision task. A 157-channel MEG system (Kanazawa Institute of Technology) was used. For the MEG analyses, we used MEG-Python and Eelbrain packages. As our primary target was the M170, the region of interest was anatomically defined as the L. FG/ITG and the analysis time window was restricted to 50-250 ms after word onset. Behavioral data showed that the mean accuracies of the lexical decision task of the four conditions were <90%, indicating that the participants correctly performed this task. We first examined whether the morphTP, as well as the length of verbs, modulated the L. FG/ITG activation. We found significantly negative correlation of the morphTP, as well as significantly positive correlation of the length of verbs, in the L. FG/ITG (corrected p<0.03). We did not find any significant correlation of the letterTP in the L. FG/ITG. These results demonstrated that morphologically complex verbs in Japanese are indeed decomposed into morphemes, but not into letters, similar to morphologically complex words in English examined in the previous MEG studies.		7月26日（金）9:45～10:00　第8会場（朱鷺メッセ　3F　303+304） 2O-08m2-2 音楽知覚における脳活動の局在と応答性 Yoshiaki Oshiba（大芝芳明）¹，Hayate Tada（多田颯）¹，Takeaki Miyamae（宮前丈明）^2,3，Ryugo Hayano（早野龍五）³，Kuniyoshi L. Sakai（酒井邦嘉）¹ ¹東京大院総合文化研相関基礎科学 ²University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, USA ³スズキ・メソード音楽教室 Music perception involves recognition of various aspects, such as pitch, tempo, stress, and articulation. In spite of previous studies of functional imaging, it remains to be elucidated which cortical regions (including primary auditory areas) are differentially required for processing those aspects. Moreover, music perception may depend on early experiences. In our present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we examined three groups of high-school students, who were aged 12-17 years and all right-handed: 33 violin students from Suzuki School of Music (Suzuki group, starting the violin no later than nine years old), 32 UT-Fuzoku students (Early group, starting music before nine), and 27 UT-Fuzoku students (Late group, no music experience or starting music after nine). We used a musical error-detection task under four conditions: Pitch, Tempo, Stress, and Articulation; the Articulation condition required higher structural analyses of music than the other conditions. Another Connection condition was used as a control, in which artificially connected pieces were detected. Regarding the behavioral results, a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (group × condition) showed significant main effects of groups and conditions on the accuracy (p < .001), together with a main effect of conditions alone (p < .001) on the reaction times, without any interaction. We used 3.0T MRI system (GE Healthcare) and SPM12 software to detect significant activations (FWE corrected p < .05 at the cluster level). We observed condition-selective activation patterns under the four conditions, and Suzuki and Early groups showed similar overall patterns. The bilateral auditory areas were consistently activated for all groups under the Pitch condition alone, while the left inferior frontal gyrus (L. IFG), including the grammar center specialized in syntactic processing, was activated for all groups under the Articulation condition alone; the L. IFG activation was clearly left-lateralized. It is interesting to note that the Early group also showed L. IFG activation under the Pitch condition as well. On the other hand, the right precentral gyrus was activated under the Stress and Articulation conditions for Suzuki and Early groups. These results indicate the existence of higher processes for both language and music analyses, which are universally shared among all tested groups irrespective of experiences.

7月26日（金）10:00～10:15　第8会場（朱鷺メッセ　3F　303+304） 2O-08m2-3 新たに言語を習得する際の多言語話者における統辞関連領域の活動上昇 Keita Umejima（梅島奎立）¹，Run Chen（Chen Run）²，Suzanne Flynn（Flynn Suzanne）²，Kuniyoshi L. Sakai（酒井邦嘉）¹ ¹東京大院総合文化研相関基礎科学 ²Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, MIT, Massachusetts, USA Our previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have identified the left dorsal inferior frontal gyrus and left lateral premotor cortex as the crucial regions for syntactic processing (Kinno et al., 2008, 2014). These same grammar centers are also known to be actively utilized while acquiring a second language (Sakai et al., 2009). Given the universality of multiple languages, we hypothesized that multilinguals, who have acquired several (i.e., more than two) languages to a certain proficiency, are able to process grammars of a newly acquired language in a more effective manner, compared with monolinguals or bilinguals. In the present study, we divided right-handed native Japanese speakers into two groups, according to scores of the listening tests (Avant, STAMP 4S) in English and Spanish: 29 who achieved more than the lowest score for both languages ("multilingual (MULTI) group", 19 females, aged 16-27 years), and 19 who achieved this only for English (the "bilingual (BI) group", 13 females, aged 13-24). We newly developed a syntactic judgement task in Kazakh, in which the participants engaged in demo and test sessions alternatively. In each trial, the participants were first given the word list for words used in a sentence subsequently presented. Coordinated, embedded sentences, and sentences with an adjunct were tested subsequently, as conditions G1-G3, respectively. Training sessions for a word control condition (Wpre) were conducted before scanning. As for the MULTI group, the number of Wpre sessions taken to pass the threshold of 75% was inversely proportional to the combined scores for English and Spanish (P < 0.05), while this was not significant for the BI group's English (P > 0.8). This result of the MULTI group indicates that the higher language proficiency in at least two languages is, the more advantageous acquisition of another language becomes. For brain activation, we used 3.0 T MRI system (GE Healthcare), and analyzed the fMRI data with the SPM12 software. In the first sessions under the G1-G3 conditions combined, significantly larger responses were observed for the MULTI group than the BI group in the grammar centers, as well as in the supplementary motor area and cerebellum (P < 0.05). These results indicate higher sensitivity in critical regions of multilinguals when newly processing syntactic rules.		7月26日（金）10:15～10:30　第8会場（朱鷺メッセ　3F　303+304） 2O-08m2-4 類義語判断課題による側頭葉前方底部領域における意味処理機構の解明 Akihiro Shimotake（下竹昭寛）¹，Riki Matsumoto（松本理器）^2,4，Masao Matsuhashi（松橋眞生）¹，Takayuki Kikuchi（菊池隆幸）³，Kazumichi Yoshida（吉田和道）³，Takeharu Kunieda（國枝武治）^3,5，Susumu Miyamoto（宮本享）³，Ryosuke Takahashi（髙橋良輔）²，Lambon-Ralph A Matthew（Matthew A Lambon-Ralph）⁶，Akio Ikeda（池田昭夫）¹ ¹京都大院医てんかん・運動異常生理学 ²京都大院医臨床神経 ³京都大院医脳神経外科 ⁴神戸大院医神経内科学 ⁵愛媛大院医脳神経外科 ⁶MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge Introduction: There is growing evidence that the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) play a critical role in semantic processing. The implantation of intracranial electrodes provided us with a rare opportunity to explore the cortical function directly to investigate the semantic processing in the temporal lobe. Methods: We studied 5 patients with intractable epilepsy, who underwent presurgical evaluation with subdural grid implantation over the frontal and temporal lobe on the language dominant side. Clinical language mapping by the 50Hz electrical cortical stimulation was performed to identify the language area. Synonym judgment task, and number judgement task as a control task were performed (IRB #C533). ECoG was recorded time-locked to task presentation. Sampling rate of ECoG was 1000 or 2000 Hz and time-frequency representation of ECoG power was calculated using a short-time Fourier Transform (STFT) with a Hanning window of 100 points (frequency resolution of 10 or 20 Hz). ECoG data was averaged with the stimulus onset from -1s to 4s across trials and converted to the logarithmic scale. Results: Compared with number judgement task, a robust high gamma activity (80-100 Hz) was observed in the electrodes along the anterior fusiform gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus for synonym judgement task. In the ventral part of the anterior temporal lobe, 76% of electrodes with robust high gamma activity for synonym judgement were consistent with the language area identified by the clinical cortical stimulation (19 language / 25 high gamma electrodes) Conclusions: The present findings provided the supportive evidence that the ventral ATL, especially, the anterior fusiform gyrus plays an active role in semantic processing. Clinically, synonym judgement task can be helpful for the functional mapping of semantic/language processing in the ventral ATL.