シンポジウム
05 基礎・臨床連携シンポジウム
05 JNS/JSN Joint Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Collaboration Symposium
座長：尾崎 紀夫（名古屋大学大学院医学系研究科 精神医学・親と子どもの心療学分野）・小野 賢二郎（金沢大学大学院医薬保健学総合研究科 脳神経内科学） |
|---|
| 2022年6月30日 9:00～9:25 沖縄コンベンションセンター 会議場A1 第2会場
1S02m-01
精神疾患におけるリバーストランスレーション研究
reverse translational study in psychiatric disease.
*田中 謙二(1)
1. 慶應義塾大学医学部
*Kenji F Tanaka(1)
1. Keio University School of Medicine
Keyword: psychiatry
The findings of animal experiments have been applied clinically. For example, since the function of serotonin receptors was completely unknown, serotonin receptor knockout mice were created. Phenotypic analysis revealed that serotonin receptor 1A knockout mice exhibit increased anxiety-like behavior. Translating this basic knowledge into clinical practice, serotonin receptor 1A agonists could be used as anxiolytic drugs. A hint for drug discovery is born from mouse research and ends up in clinical usage. This is the ideal of translational research. So what does reverse translational research in psychiatry look like? In this symposium, I will introduce two types of reverse translational research that the presenter is currently conducting: one is basic research in mice to elucidate why Huntington's disease causes apathy, impaired motivation. The other is a basic research to determine the histopathological mechanisms for increased volume of the globus pallidus in schizophrenia. Now clinical symptoms and patient data are being collected in unprecedentedly high accuracy and in large quantities, how to utilize them is required. This is where basic researchers can make use of their specialties to discover new knowledge. I would like to propose this type of collaboration between basic and clinical research. | | 2022年6月30日 9:25～9:50 沖縄コンベンションセンター 会議場A1 第2会場
1S02m-02
日本神経科学ブレインバンクネットワーク
The Japanese Brain Bank Network for Neuroscience Research
*村山 繁雄(1,2,3)、齊藤 祐子(3)
1. 大阪大学大学院連合小児発達学研究科、2. 大阪大学医学系大学院神経内科、3. 東京都健康長寿医療センター高齢者ブレインバンク（神経病理）
*Shigeo Murayama(1,2,3), Yuko Saito(3)
1. United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka Unversity, 2. Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 3. Brain Bank for Aging Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology
Keyword: brain bank, neuropathology, Alzheimer disease, dementia
The Japanese Brain Bank Network for Neuroscience Research (JBBNNR) was established in 2001, whose core is the Brain Bank for Aging Research (BBAR). BBAR was established in 1991, funded by Tokyo Metropolitan Government and MEXT. In 2001, BBAR recruited all the members of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology to establish JBBNNR, funded by MEXT, based on the following four conditions: open resource, to organize brain donation system, to share quality control including neuropathological method and findings, to combine clinical longitudinal studies like US ADNI. National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Mihara Memorial Hospital and Fukushimura Hospital joined JBBNNR. In 2020, Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders (BBNNPD) joined JBBNNR. BBNNPD was established in United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, the first brain bank among all the universities in Japan. The pandemic of COVID-19 and the guide by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases seriously influenced recovery of postmortem brains via dramatic decrease of autopsy. JBBNNR promoted brain donation and BBNNPD began an effort to include legal autopsy for Japanese equivalent of suicide bank and autism brain net in US. The main barrier resided in cultural respect of suicide in Japan, which made it difficult to obtain the deceased first kin of relatives' consent for brain donation. The excellent social support system for autism in Japan promised long life without accident and made it difficult to recover autism brains through forensic autopsy. This year’s good prospect was that BBNNPD proposed cloud funding in Osaka for the research of neurodevelopmental and intractable neurological disorders and successfully received donation of ten million yen. JBBNNR is based on full autopsy, different from brain banks in US and Europe with brain recovery only and research use only findings. BBAR reported that one third of geriatric population contained Lewy body pathology in the body and proved 100% specificity of MIBG scintigraphy for Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy body. BBAR received the 2021 Best Presentation Award from the Japanese Society of Dementia Research, to show the good correlation between in vivo PIB PET image and postmortem Abeta deposition among patients with short interval scan prior to death. Conclusion: JBBNNR continued to contribute neuroscience research, focused on AD and dementia. | | 2022年6月30日 9:50～10:15 沖縄コンベンションセンター 会議場A1 第2会場
1S02m-03
脳神経内科医が考える基礎研究のすすめ
Neurologists' Recommendations for Basic Research
*戸田 達史(1)
1. 東京大学大学院医学系研究科
*Tatsushi Toda(1)
1. Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
Keyword: Basic Research, neurologist
Do you think that basic research has nothing to do with neurologists or that it is too difficult for neurologists? In fact, many of those who are currently achieving results in basic research in the field of neurological diseases were previously a clinician. I would like to send a message to young people about the appeal of basic research.
The first thing I would like to say is to have a broad perspective. When I was involved in basic research, the basic medicine was based on the premise of research such as cell death and immune mechanisms, and it was lucky if a molecule that appeared in such research happened to be related to a disease. Looking back on basic medicine, I think that I was first involved in the research or treatment of diseases. I do not like to distinguish between clinical research and basic research in dealing with diseases. For example, I am working on the Parkinson's disease gene, which is generally considered basic research. From the basic medicine’s standpoint I mentioned earlier, I think the Parkinson's disease gene research is clinical research.
Imaging and symptom analysis are clinical research, and molecule analysis are basic research? It is not that kind of thing, but one disease study as a whole. Each is not yet mature, so we have to divide them into basic and clinical, but, for example, while conducting research on genes, I would like to see that he takes the stance of keeping a close eye on pathology, physiology, clinical symptoms, and imaging. The first message is that it is important for one neurologist to have a broad perspective. In other words, without separating basic and clinical research, that is the study of disease.
The next message is that "what we do" is more important than "what we can do’’. I had a strong belief that I wanted to elucidate the gene for Fukuyama muscular dystrophy, and I wanted to collect patients from consanguineous marriages and perform linkage analysis. However, there were few people in the biochemistry group of the Department of Neurology at the University of Tokyo at that time who could handle genes, and when I discussed this with my supervisor, he told me, "What you do is more important than what you can do," and these words carried a lot of weight for me. So, I went to the Cancer Institute for training in "what to do. I don't want young doctors to stick to their own field and stay within it, just to see what they can do. I would like to promote research aimed at elucidating and overcoming neurological diseases, so that questions that arise at the bedside can be studied at the bench (from bedside to bench) and treatments can be realized at the bedside based on results obtained at the bench (from bench to bedside). | | | |
|
|
