2022年7月2日 9:00～9:15 沖縄コンベンションセンター 会議場A2 第7会場
3O07m1-01
L-カルノシンの経口投与によりCD157ノックアウトマウスの社会認識障害が改善する
Oral supplementation with L-carnosine attenuates social recognition deficits in CD157KO mice via oxytocin release
*辻 隆宏(1,2)、辻 知陽(2)
1. 福井大学、2. 金沢大学
*Takahiro Tsuji Tsuji(1,2), Chiharu Tsuji(2)
1. University of Fukui, 2. Kanazawa University
Keyword: L-carnosine, oxytocin, social behavior, autism spectrum disorder
L-carnosine is an imidazole dipeptide (B-alanyl-L-histidine) expressed abundantly in the muscles and brain of animals. L-carnosine has diverse physiological functions such as antioxidant properties, pH buffering, chelating of divalent cations, anti-glycation effects, and anti-convulsive properties. In neurons, L-carnosine functions as an antioxidant and neuroprotectant. The outcomes of supplementation with L-carnosine have been investigated in clinical trials in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, reports on the effects of L-carnosine in humans have been inconsistent, and the efficacy of L-carnosine supplementation for improving ASD symptoms has yet to be investigated in animal studies. Here, we examined the effects of oral supplementation with L-carnosine on social deficits in CD157KO mice, a murine model of ASD. Social deficits in CD157KO mice were assessed using a three-chamber social approach test. Oral supplementation with L-carnosine attenuated social behavioral deficits. The number of c-Fos-positive oxytocin neurons in the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus was increased with L-carnosine supplementation in CD157KO mice after the three-chamber social approach test. We observed an increase in the number of c-Fos-positive neurons in the basolateral amygdala, a brain region involved in social behavior. Although the expression of oxytocin and oxytocin receptors in the hypothalamus was not altered by L-carnosine supplementation, the concentration of oxytocin in cerebrospinal fluid was increased in CD157KO mice by L-carnosine supplementation. These results suggest that L-carnosine supplementation restores social recognition impairments by augmenting the level of released oxytocin. Thus, we could imply the possibility of a safe nutritional intervention for at least some types of ASD in the human population. | | 2022年7月2日 9:15～9:30 沖縄コンベンションセンター 会議場A2 第7会場
3O07m1-02
「共有現実」の社会的創発の神経基盤
Behavioral and neuro-cognitive bases for the emergence of a shared reality through social interaction
*小倉 有紀子(1)、黒田 起吏(2,3,4)、小川 昭利(5)、爲井 智也(7)、池田 和司(8)、亀田 達也(2,6,9)
1. 東京大学大学院情報理工学系研究科、2. 東京大学人文社会系研究科社会心理学研究室、3. 日本学術振興会、4. 明治学院大学産業経済研究所、5. 順天堂大学医学部、6. 玉川大学脳科学研究所、7. 神戸大学数理・データサイエンスセンター、8. 奈良先端科学技術大学院大学情報科学領域、9. 北海道大学社会科学実験研究センター
*Yukiko Ogura(1), Kiri Kuroda(2,3,4), Akitoshi Ogawa(5), Tomoya Tamei(7), Kazushi Ikeda(8), Tatsuya Kameda(2,6,9)
1. Department of Mechano-Informatics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 2. Department of Social Psychology, The University of Tokyo, 3. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 4. Institute for Research in Business and Economics, Faculty of Economics, Meiji Gakuin University, 5. Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 6. Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, 7. Center for Mathematical and Data Sciences, Kobe University, 8. Division of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 9. Center for Experimental Research in Social Sciences, Hokkaido University
Keyword: social norms, psychophysical function, mentalizing network, computational models
Social norms, including values, beliefs and even perceptions about the world, are preserved and created through repeated interactions between individuals. Now, understanding how people develop and sustain social norms is important in modern societies where moral divides cause conflict. However, whereas neuro-cognitive research on social norms has used the “unilateral influence” paradigm focusing on people’s reactions to extant standards, little is known about how our basic perceptions and judgments are shaped as new norms through bilateral interaction. Here, using a simple estimation task, we investigated the formation of perceptual norms using two experiments coupled with computational modeling. In the behavioral experiment, participants in dyads repeatedly estimated the number of dots on a screen and viewed each other’s answers. In the fMRI experiment, we manipulated the interaction process by pairing each participant with a computer agent which adjusted its estimations reciprocally to participants’ estimations (bilateral agent) or did not (unilateral). The results indicated that only the bilateral interaction yielded convergence of participants’ covert psychophysical functions (relations between subjective estimations and the actual number of dots) as well as overt behavioral responses within a pair. Bilateral interaction also increased the stability (reliability) of the covert function within each individual after interaction. Neural activity in the mentalizing network (right temporoparietal junction and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex) during interaction modulated the stabilization of the psychophysical function. These results imply that bilateral interaction helps people to cognitively anchor their views with each other. Such spontaneous perspective sharing can yield a shared covert “generative model” that enables endogenous agreement on totally new targets (not in the learning set) ― one of the key features of social norms. Clarifying the level where a shared reality is formed and operates as a social norm is critical to addressing emerging problems in our digitally connected world. |
