ポスター
E. 行動の分子・神経的基盤
E. Molecular and Neuronal Bases of Behavior |
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| 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-048
高架式プラットフォーム誘発性のストレスは機械過敏性を引き起こし、前帯状回の興奮性のシナプス伝達を変化させる
The stress induced by acute elevated platform triggers mechanical hypersensitivity and changes the excitatory synaptic transmission in the anterior cingulate cortex
*川端 遼(1,2)、古賀 浩平(2)、矢尾 育子(1)
1. 関西学院大学、2. 兵庫医科大学
*Ryo Kawabata(1,2), Kohei Koga(2), Ikuko Yao(1)
1. Kwansei Gakuin University, 2. Hyogo College of Medicine
Keyword: Stress, Behavioral test, Electrophysiological
[Purpose] Stress is state of tension which occurs when we got from external factors. For example, external factors include psychological factors such as anxiety and fear. Chronic stress creates negative emotion like depression, and decrease quality of life. In this study, we used the elevated open platform (EOP) test that gives stress to the mice and analyzed the effect of the withdrawal threshold on mechanical stimulation. Furthermore, we performed whole-cell patch-clamp recording from anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) which is one of the regions of cortex forms negative emotions and pain.
[Method] We used male adult C57BL/6 mice (8-12 weeks old). We gave stress to mice by placing the mice on an EOP.
Behavioral test:
We analyzed how stress affects the escape behavior of mice by performing von Frey, hot plate, and cold plate test. Escape threshold or latencies were measured 10, 30, and 60 minutes after giving EOP stress.
Electrophysiological analysis:
After giving stress, we remove the brain from the mice and prepared coronal brain slices (300 μm). This slice was cut in iced artificial cerebrospinal fluid (oxygenated 95% O2 and 5% CO2). Recordings were performed from layer II/III pyramidal neurons in the ACC and analyzed synaptic transmission.
[Result] In behavioral test, stress group decrease withdrawal threshold for mechanical stimulation and this result showed escape hypersensitivity. Immediately after giving stress leads to a decrease in escape latency for thermal stimulation and shows heat sensitivity. However, we can’t discover heat sensitivity after 30 minutes of stress and cold sensitivity. In electrophysiological analysis, there is a difference between rise time and decay time of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs), which is mediated by AMPA and GluK receptors but not amplitude nor frequency of sEPSCs. On the other hands, there was no difference in these properties of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) between stress and sham group. These results suggested that stress group increase mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal sensitivity, and alter the sensitivity of AMPA receptor in the ACC. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-049
慢性痛による分界条床核内神経回路の可塑的変化は不安様行動を惹起する
Chronic pain-induced plastic change in the neural circuit within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis causes anxiety-like behaviors
*佐藤 健太(1)、山内 直紀(1)、野村 洋(1,2)、天野 大樹(1)、南 雅文(1)
1. 北海道大学大学院薬学研究院薬理学研究室、2. 名古屋市立大学大学院医学研究科認知機能病態学
*Kenta Sato(1), Naoki Yamauchi(1), Hiroshi Nomura(1,2), Taiju Amano(1), Masabumi Minami(1)
1. Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, 2. Department of Cognitive Function and Pathology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
Keyword: Chronic pain, anxiety, BNST
Chronic pain is often comorbid with psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety, suggesting common neuronal mechanisms that underlie these pathological states, yet the mechanisms are still unclear. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a limbic structure implicated in the regulation of negative emotional states, such as anxiety, fear, and aversion. We have reported that the BNST is involved in aversive responses induced by acute pain. However, the role of the BNST in chronic pain-induced anxiety and depression remains to be elucidated. Here, using a mouse model of neuropathic pain, we demonstrate the chronic pain-induced plastic changes in the synaptic transmission onto the Ih-current negative BNST neurons projecting to the lateral hypothalamus (LH), which lead to anxiety-like behaviors. To prepare neuropathic pain model mice, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to the surgery for unilateral spared nerve injury. Consistent with previous reports, chronic pain increased anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and light-dark box (LDB) tests. The emotionality z-score, which obtained by averaging the z-scores in the EPM, LDB, and open field (OFT) tests, also showed the enhancement of anxiety-like behaviors in chronic pain model mice. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that chronic pain increased spontaneous IPSCs onto Ih-current negative LH-projecting BNST neurons, suggesting that BNST output neurons projecting to the LH are suppressed during chronic pain. To examine the relationship between the suppressed state of the LH-projecting BNST neurons and increased anxiety-like behaviors during chronic pain, LH-projecting BNST neurons were bilaterally inhibited or activated using a DREADD technique, and anxiety-like behaviors were accessed by the EPM, LDB, and OFT tests. Inhibition of LH-projecting BNST neurons in naïve (not chronic pain) mice increased anxiety-like behaviors without affecting nociceptive behaviors. Furthermore, activation of LH-projecting BNST neurons ameliorated anxiety-like behaviors in chronic pain model mice. Collectively, these findings suggest the critical role of sustained suppression of the LH-projecting BNST neurons in anxiety-like behaviors during chronic pain. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-050
5-アミノレブリン酸のマウス抗疲労効果
5-aminolevulinic acid produces the anti-fatigue effects in mice
*大森 千夏(1)、隈本 瑛子(1)、岡野 功太郎(1)、山田 大輔(1)、斎藤 顕宜(1)
1. 東京理科大学薬学部 薬理学研究室
*Chinatsu Ohmori(1), Eiko Kumamoto(1), Kotaro Okano(1), Daisuke Yamada(1), Akiyoshi Saitoh(1)
1. Lab Pharmacol, Fac Pharm Sci, Tokyo Univ of Science.
Keyword: 5-aminolevulinic acid, noradrenaline, Fatigue, treadmill test
[Introduction] 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a precursor of heme and is involved in mitochondrial activation. On the other hand, it has been suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain is associated with chronic fatigue. In the present study, to clarify the anti-fatigue effect of 5-ALA in chronic fatigue and its mechanism, we established an animal model of chronic fatigue. Then, we examined the effects of 5-ALA on fatigue-like behavior, noradrenaline (NA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) contents in the brain.
[Methods] Female and male C57BL/6N mice (6 weeks old) were orally given 1.2 mg/mL ALA hydrochloride solution or distilled water (DW) for 8 weeks. Food and water were provided ad libitum. The fatigue model mice were developed by housing them in a cage filled with water (23 ± 1°C) to a height of 1.5 cm (fatigued group) or in a cage with wire mesh (non-fatigued group) for 4 days. The intensity of fatigue was evaluated using the running distance in the treadmill figure test as an index, and verification the recovery of running distance by ALA between males and females. After treadmill test, mice brains were quickly dissected and the NA and MHPG in the Fcx were quantified by HPLC.
[Results] The running distance in the treadmill figure test were significantly reduced in the fatigued groups, compared to the non-fatigued group. In the fatigued group, the running distance of female mice was significantly decreased, compared to the male mice. The running distance in the ALA-treated fatigued group of female mice was significantly increased, as compared with the DW-treated fatigued group. Furthermore, the MHPG contents and NA turnover ratio (MHPG/NA) in the Fcx were significantly decreased in the fatigued group of female mice, compared to the non-fatigued group. These decrease in the MHPG contents and NA turnover ratio of fatigued group were recovered by chronic ALA treatment for 8 weeks.
[Discussion] In the present study, we had succeeded developing an animal model of chronic fatigue by female mice. Based on these results, we suggested that chronical ALA treatment produced the anti-fatigue effect in female mice. We propose that the mechanisms on the anti-fatigue effects of 5-ALA might be involved in the protective effects of NA neurons in the Fcx. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-051
扁桃体複合体を中心とした包括的な神経回路構造をデータとして記述する
Describe the comprehensive neural circuitry around the amygdaloid complex as data
*宮本 竜也(1,2)、田和辻 可昌(1,2)、山川 宏(2,3)
1. 早稲田大学、2. 全脳アーキテクチャ・イニシアティブ、3. 東京大学
*Tatsuya Miyamoto(1,2), Yoshimasa Tawatsuji(1,2), Hiroshi Yamakawa(2,3)
1. Waseda University, 2. The Whole Brain Architecture Initiative, 3. The University of Tokyo
Keyword: AMYGDALA, EMOTION, BRAIN INFORMATION FLOW, ARTIFICIAL GENERAL INTELLIGENCE
Construction of the Brain Reference Architecture (BRA), which is design data describing the entire brain with the same granularity, are promoted to build software that works like a brain. The BRA contains various hypothetical computational functions that are consistent with the anatomic structure of the brain [1]. As a basis for BRA, Brain Information Flow (BIF) format, a standardized data format for describing the anatomical structure of the brain, was defined. Considering the size of the contribution to the computational functions exhibited by the brain, the minimum descriptive granularity in the BIF format was, in principle, the same (sub)type of neural population.
The amygdaloid complex plays an essential role in assigning fearful and rewarding values to sensory information. Describing the extensive circuitry around the amygdala complex is important for understanding how the amygdala influences emotional and social behavior. In this study, BIF data around the amygdaloid complex, including inter-nuclear connections within the complex and efferent and afferent connections with cortical and subcortical regions, were constructed in preparation for examining the computational function of the amygdaloid complex. The relevant specific amygdala nuclei include lateral, basolateral, basomedial, central, medial, cortical nuclei. The interconnected related areas include the prefrontal cortex and other cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and striatum.In the near future, hypotheses for the computational functions that are more consistent with this BIF data will be designed by referring to the previous computational models. The procedure for constructing this hypothesis was already proposed as a Structure-constrained Interface Decomposition (SCID) method. The BIF data for the amygdaloid complex will be made public.
[1] Yamakawa H. (2021). The whole brain architecture approach: Accelerating the development of artificial general intelligence by referring to the brain. Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society, 144, 478–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2021.09.004 | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-052
内受容感覚の学習効果：心拍誘導電位を用いた検討
Learning Effect of Interoception: a Study Using Heartbeat-Evoked Potential
*長棟 陸(1)、桃井 誉門(2)、元村 祐貴(3)
1. 九州大学芸術工学部、2. 九州大学大学院統合新領域学府、3. 九州大学大学院芸術工学研究院
*Riku Nagamune(1), Takayuki Momoi(2), Yuki Motomura(3)
1. Kyushu University school of design, 2. Kyushu University Graduate School of Integrated Frontier Sciences, 3. Kyushu University Faculty of Design
Keyword: Interoception, heartbeat evoked potential
The purpose of this study was to clarify whether there is a learning effect on interoceptive accuracy by repeatedly performing the Heartbeat Counting Task. The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) was used as a subjective measure of interoception, and the Heartbeat-Evoked Potential (HEP) as an objective measure, and their usefulness and mechanisms were also investigated. Sixteen healthy male undergraduate and graduate students who did not have any problems with the scores of the surveys were included in the survey. Electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and electrooculogram (EOC) were measured with a PolyMate Pro. EEG was measured with F3, F4, Fz, C3, C4, Cz, P3, P4, Pz, O1, and O2 based on the international ten-twenty electrode system. ECG was measured by attaching disposable electrodes to the left clavicle and lower left ribs, and EOG was measured by attaching Ag-AgCl electrodes to the upper left eye and lower right eye. Participants were asked to perform the Heartbeat Counting Task (HCT) for a fixed period without touching their own body. 25, 35, and 45 seconds of HCT were performed with a 30-second interval, and the number of seconds was counterbalanced for each participant. The number of seconds was counterbalanced for each subject, and two sets of the task were performed in one task interval, with a 45-minute break between each set, for a total of three task intervals. The task score was calculated as 1-|(X1-X2)/X2 | (X1: the subjective heart rate, X2: the objective heart rate). The mean task scores per task interval for all subjects were calculated, and Wilcoxon's signed rank test was conducted on the results, with p-values corrected using the Benjamini-Hochberg method. There is significant trend between the first and second (Z=1.898, p=0.087), second and third (Z=1.898, p=0.058), and significant differences in the first and third (Z=3.002, p=0.008). This indicated that the mean score tended to increase with the number of times. HCT scores showed that the scores increased with the number of times the task was performed, suggesting that there is a learning effect of repetition on interoceptive accuracy. The results suggest that interoceptive accuracy has a learning effect through repetition, which supports the results of previous studies that interoceptive perception can be improved through training. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-053
メダカにおけるHmgn2の生理機能解析
Physiological functional analysis of Hmgn2 in medaka fish
*正木 佑芽(1)、中川 真一(1)、横井 佐織(1)
1. 北海道大学
*Yume Masaki(1), Shinichi Nakagawa(1), Saori Yokoi(1)
1. Hokkaido University
Keyword: anxiety, medaka, hmgn, behavior
Although ncRNAs are defined as RNAs not translated into proteins, recent studies reported that some ncRNAs indeed coded small proteins and those proteins regulated various biological processes. LOC101156433 is annotated as a non-protein-coding transcript expressed in the adult medaka (Oryzias latipes) brain and its transcript was predicted to form large complexes with proteins by UPA-seq analysis (Komatsu et al., 2018). However, its physiological function is totally unknown.In this study, we performed functional analyses of this poorly characterized gene. At first, we analyzed the public ribosome profiling data and found that LOC101156433 was translated into protein. Localization of mRNAs of LOC101156433 in the cytoplasm in the in situ hybridization experiment also supported that LOC101156433 is a protein coding gene. Predicted LOC101156433 protein was highly homologous to Hmgn2, which belong to the High Mobility Group Nucleosome-binding (HMGN) protein family. Therefore, we named LOC101156433 as oHmgn2 and continued to analyze its function.We generated oHmgn2 knockout medaka by CRISPR/Cas9 system and performed a novel tank test to evaluate their anxiety-like behavior. Compared to the wild type, oHmgn2 knockout medaka spent more time on the bottom and showed higher anxiety. This is the first report of anxiety-like behavior in Hmgn2 knockout individuals.Next, we performed in situ hybridization using the adult brain and revealed that oHmgn2 was strongly expressed in the neurogenic region of the tectum, implying its involvement in the adult neurogenesis mechanism. As it has been reported that Hmgn2 was highly expressed during cell proliferation of microglial cells in mice, this result suggested that the physiological function of Hmgn2 was conserved among vertebrates.This result suggested that the high anxiety in the oHmgn2 knockout medaka may be caused by abnormal neurogenesis. Next, we plan to perform immuno-staining oHmgn2 knockout medaka with neurogenesis markers to examine whether neurogenesis in it is abnormal or not. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-054
メダカで脳特異的に発現するfarp1_2遺伝子の機能解析
Functional analysis of the Farp1_2 expressed specifically in the brain of medaka
*櫻井 玖美(1)、井ノ上 俊太郎、中川 真一(1)、横井 佐織(1)
1. 北海道大学
*Kumi Sakurai(1), Shuntaro Inoue, Shinichi Nakagawa(1), Saori Yokoi(1)
1. Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
Keyword: medaka, behavior, farp1, hyperactivity
FERM, Rho/ArhGEF, and Pleckstrin domain protein 1 (Farp1) is a member of the Rho-GEF family of low-molecular-weight G proteins and is thought to promote synaptogenesis by binding to the synaptic cell adhesion molecule 1 (SynCAM 1) through the FERM domain. In humans, several different isoforms of Farp1 have been identified. However, there are few studies examining the functions of Farp1 at the individual level, and few studies examining the function of Farp1 isoforms even at the cellular level, so their physiological functions remain largely unknown.
In our search for RNAs that form large complexes with proteins expressed in medaka (Oryzias latipes) brain using the UVA-phenol aqueous phase RNA sequencing (UPA-seq, Komatsu et al., 2018) method, we found a short isoform of Farp1 that is homologous to the human Farp1 isoform and named it Farp1_2. Farp1_2 contains a FERM domain but does not have a GEF domain, in addition, the Farp1_2-specific region is predicted to be an intrinsically disordered region (IDR), making it difficult to predict its function. However, Farp1_2 is specifically expressed in the brain of medaka, suggesting that it is involved in the behavioral control, so the purpose of this study is to clarify its physiological functions. To clarify the function of Farp1_2 at the individual level, we generated Farp1_2 knockout medaka by the CRISPR/Cas9 system and conducted behavioral experiments. In this study, we report that Farp1_2 knockout medaka traveled a longer distance than wild-type medaka in the open field test. In addition, we are currently examining whether there are any other behavioral abnormalities. Furthermore, we plan to visualize the farp1_2 mRNA localization in the adult medaka brain by in situ hybridization and discuss the mechanism by which Farp1_2 regulates behavior. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-055
The Partial Reinforcement Extinction Effect of Fear Learning in Mice
*福永 祐一(1)、Su Chi Jiun(1)、Cazares Victor(1)
*Yuichi Fukunaga(1), Chi Jiun Su(1), Victor A Cazares(1)
1. Psychology Department and Neuroscience Program, Williams College, Williamstown, USA
Keyword: Pavlovian conditioning, extinction, fear, animals
Anxiety-related disorders are characterized by a dysregulated response to potential threat, including generalized and/or persistent avoidance of feared stimuli. The processes underlying maladaptive threat or fear learning can be studied using fear conditioning and extinction. Fear conditioning is an associative learning process by which organisms learn when environmental stimuli (conditioned stimuli, CS) are predictive of aversive outcomes (unconditioned stimulus, US). Fear extinction is the learning process by which organisms learn to reduce defensive responses when the CS no longer predicts the US. These studies are focused on understanding a paradoxical finding showing that intermittent CS-US pairings during fear conditioning can lead to resistance to extinction learning, relative to a conditioning schedule following a 1:1 CS-US frequency ratio. This effect has been termed the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) and has been largely studied in operant and reward-based learning. However, significantly less is known about the PREE in fear learning.
Our primary objective was to investigate the effects of partial reinforcement in fear acquisition, fear memory consolidation, and recall in mice. Furthermore, we investigated whether the effects of partial reinforcement are mediated by the number of CS presentations, CS duration, or the order of the probabilistic CS-US relationship (e.g. CS-US frequency ratio 1:2 vs. 2:1). To achieve this, mice were conditioned to an auditory CS paired with a mild footshock (US) for two days. Following conditioning, extinction was carried out for three consecutive days, where each day one session of extinction consisted of 12 unreinforced CS presentations. Finally, to assess the effects of partial reinforcement on fear extinction memory, we measured fear recall at 48 hours and 30 days later, given that previous studies show that the passage of time leads to the spontaneous recovery of fear. Our preliminary data suggest that, relative to continuous reinforcement schedules (1.0, CS:US), partial reinforcement (0.5, CS:US) does not affect fear acquisition, but does lead to lower fear extinction recall during the 48 hrs and 30 day recall test. Additionally, we find that the PREE is moderated by the duration of the CS. Taken together, the present study will elucidate the effects of partial reinforcement in fear learning and extinction and may advance our understanding of the development of anxiety disorders. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-056
ニコチン離脱時の嫌悪行動における腹側分界条床核内ノルアドレナリン神経情報伝達の役割
Role of noradrenergic transmission within the ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in nicotine withdrawal-induced aversive behavior
*新垣 紗也(1)、南 雅文(1)
1. 北海道大学薬学部
*Saya Arakaki(1), Masabumi Minami(1)
1. Grad Sch of Pharm Sci, Hokkaido Univ, Hokkaido, Japan
Keyword: nicotine withdrawal, noradrenaline
Cessation of smoking leads to nicotine withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and dysphoria, which could lead to smoking relapse. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the neural mechanisms of nicotine withdrawal-induced negative emotions. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is involved in the regulation of negative emotional states, such as fear, anxiety, and aversion. The BNST receives dense projection of noradrenergic neurons from the A1 and A2 cell groups of the medulla oblongata. We have previously reported that noradrenergic transmission in the ventral BNST (vBNST) plays a crucial role in pain-induced aversion. In this study, we investigated the role of intra-vBNST noradrenergic transmission in nicotine withdrawal-induced aversion using an in vivo microdialysis technique and a conditioned place aversion (CPA) test. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Each animal was subcutaneously implanted with a nicotine (4.8 mg/kg/day)- or saline-filled osmotic pump on day 1. Nicotine withdrawal was precipitated by administration of mecamylamine (3.0 mg/kg) on day 15. Noradrenaline release in the vBNST was increased after mecamylamine administration in the nicotine group, but not in the saline group. A significant increase in extracellular noradrenaline levels compared with the saline group was observed during the period from 75 to 105 min after mecamylamine administration. In addition, the area under the curve of this period was larger in the nicotine group than in the saline group. Subcutaneous injection of mecamylamine induced CPA in the nicotine-treated rats; the time spent in the withdrawal-paired compartment during postconditioning (post) test significantly decreased compared to that during preconditioning (pre) test. No significant difference in the time spent in the withdrawal-paired compartment between pre- and post-tests was observed in the group subcutaneously injected with saline instead of mecamylamine (non-withdrawal group). Bilateral intra-vBNST injection of the β-adrenoceptor antagonist timolol suppressed nicotine withdrawal-induced CPA; no significant difference in the time spent in the withdrawal-paired compartment between pre- and post-tests was observed. These results suggest that enhanced noradrenergic transmission in the vBNST during nicotine withdrawal plays an important role in nicotine withdrawal-induced aversive behavior. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-057
歌鳥の求愛歌識別評価のためのオぺラント行動実験系の構築
Development of behavioral experimental system for operant conditioning: evaluation of song discrimination in songbirds.
*岩﨑 萌恵(1)、野口 姿奈(1)、院田 雅裕(1)、堀田 耕司(1)、岡 浩太郎(1)
1. 慶應義塾大学理工学部
*Moemi Iwasaki(1), Shina Noguchi(1), Masahiro Inda(1), Kohji Hotta(1), Kotaro Oka(1)
1. Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
Keyword: OPERANT CONDITIONING, ARDUINO, SONG RECOGNITION
The males of zebra finch(Taeniopygia guttata), a species of songbird, sing a courtship song to the females. The courtship song differs among individuals, and females identify the song and make a pair with the male singing their preferred song. The song discrimination behavior of females has been conventionally evaluated in operant conditioning behavioral experiments. These experimental systems of operant conditioning have revealed that songbirds can discriminate between presented song stimuli with a high rate of correct answers. On the other hand, it has been reported that songbirds make the wrong choice from about first 20% of the time sequence of the song. From this fact, it is possible to make a hypothesis, songbirds listen to only the first part of a song and lead to misidentification of the song. However, few studies have focused on this misidentification. In this study, we developed a behavioral experimental system to investigate the hypothesis for bird song identification. We have controlled the total experimental system for operant conditioning behavioral using Arduino. This experimental system consists of several elements: three perches with infrared sensors constructed with infrared LEDs and phototransistors, and an automatic feeder with a stepping motor in a bird cage. When the sensor detected that a bird perched on a song perch, this system played back a song, and the identification result was evaluated by whether the bird perched on one of the response perches. If the answer was correct, the automatic feeder was opened, and the bird was rewarded. If the answer was incorrect, the bird was punished with a 30-second timeout and could not start the next trial and could not eat the food. Next, we performed a four-stage behavioral experiment based on previous studies to test the validity of our developed device. In song mode, the birds learned that song was played back when they hopped on the song perch. In food mode, the birds had to hop on one of the perches to access the food. In sequence mode, the bird had to move to one of the response perches within 7 seconds of hopping on the song perch. Finally, in discrimination mode, classification trials were started. Because we observed a female bird completed discrimination mode, we confirmed that our construct operant conditioning paradigm was working well. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-058
コントロール群と同じサイズのケージを用いた場合における環境エンリッチメントの効果の検討
Investigation of the effects of environmental enrichment in mice when the cage size is the same as control
*紺野 雄大(1)、Viviane Saito(1)、田中 和正(1)
1. 沖縄科学技術大学院大学
*Yuta Konno(1), Viviane Saito(1), Kazumasa Z. Tanaka(1)
1. Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology
Keyword: ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT, HIPPOCAMPUS, BEHAVIOR, MOUSE
Environmental enrichment (EE) is an experimental paradigm that mimics stimulating lifestyles at the laboratory level and is widely used in brain research (Gubert & Hannan, 2019). EE paradigms typically include social, physical, and cognitive stimuli and have been demonstrated to have beneficial effects across scales – from substantial molecular and cellular effects to behavioral and social effects (Kempermann, 2019).
The hippocampus is essential for the spatial representation of environments and for the ability to remember specific events or episodic memory (Lisman et al., 2018). EE has been reported to impact the hippocampus, increasing its size and enhancing cognitive function related to the hippocampus (Kempermann, 2019). Recently, which stimuli in the EE paradigm are essential for the effects of EE have been gradually elucidated: physical exercise promotes cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus in adult mice (Fabel et al., 2009); while social interaction improves cognitive function in adult mice (Doulames et al., 2013).
EE paradigms generally include a larger home cage than the standard housing conditions for rodents. However, the EE effect has not yet been fully confirmed when animals are group-housed, but the cage size is the same as a standard cage, i.e. when the territory of one mouse in the EE group is smaller than that in the control group. To investigate whether EE is effective in the same cage size as the control group, we constructed an EE paradigm in our laboratory and compared the poor condition (PC) and the enriched condition (EC) in the same cage size between the groups to examine the effect of EE. In PC, male mice were kept alone, and there were no toys or running. In EC, on the other hand, four male mice were housed together per cage, and toys and running wheels were provided. After four weeks of exposure to each condition, behavioral tests including contextual fear conditioning test, novel object recognition test, and forced swim test were conducted. Furthermore, BrdU, a thymidine analog that is incorporated into actively proliferating cells, was injected into the mice and the mice brains were immunostained with an anti-BrdU antibody.
In neuro2022, we plan to discuss the results, the validity of our EE paradigm, and future applications. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-059
下側頭葉および前頭前野からの物体抽象化情報のデコーディング
Decoding object abstraction information from inferior temporal and prefrontal cortex
*川上 悠真(1,2)、小原 奈暉(1,2)、鈴木 諒伍(1,2)、松尾 健(5)、鈴木 隆文(6)、飯島 淳彦(1,2,3,4)、長谷川 功(2)、川嵜 圭祐(2)
1. 新潟大学大学院 自然科学研究科、2. 新潟大学大学院 医歯学総合研究科 神経生理学分野、3. 新潟大学 工学部 人間支援感性科学プログラム、4. 新潟大学 医学部 保健学科、5. 東京都立神経病院脳神経外科、6. 情報通信研究機構脳情報通信融合研究センター
*Yuma Kawakami(1,2), Daiki Kohara(1,2), Ryogo Suzuki(1,2), Takeshi Matsuo(5), Takafumi Suzuki(6), Iijima Atsuhiko(1,2,3,4), Isao Hasegawa(2), Keisuke Kawasaki(2)
1. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan, 2. Department of Physiology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan, 3. Department of Bio-cybernetics, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan, 4. Department of Health Science , Faculty of Medicine , Niigata University, Niigata, Japan, 5. Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan, 6. Center for Information and Neural Networks, NICT, Osaka, Japan
Keyword: CATEGORY RECOGNITION, HIERARCHICAL CATEGORIES, MACAQUE MONKEY
Category recognition with abstraction is an important function that supports human intellectual activities. Previous psychological studies have suggested that category cognition in humans consists of three hierarchical structures. In previous neurophysiological studies, it is known that the prefrontal cortex and inferior temporal cortex play an Important role in category recognition. However, the neural process of category abstraction is not well understood. We reported that activities in ITC and PFC were selective for the levels of abstraction (Neuro 2021). In the present study, we investigated whether abstraction information was read out from the cortical activities of ITC and PFC. We trained a macaque monkey with a hierarchical category recognition task. The hierarchical category structure consisted of 12 natural images and 18 symbols to represent categories. Each natural image was assigned to three categories, with different levels of abstraction. The task was performed at each of the three hierarchical levels. Electrocorticography (ECoG) electrodes with 128 channels were placed throughout the ITC area, including the superior temporal sulcus, and ECoG electrodes with 64 channels were placed in the medial and dorsal PFC. The ECoG responses of the ITC and PFC of the monkeys during task execution were recorded to determine how hierarchical representations in the ITC and PFC were read out. To examine whether the two areas contained abstraction information, we decoded the levels of abstraction using ECoG signal with linear support vector machine during the image presentation period where the stimulus presentations were the same with three conditions of abstraction levels. Both the ITC and PFC decoding scores were found to be superior to the label-shuffled scores. ITC had the highest score of 51% at 160ms after the visual stimulus presentation. On the other hand, the PFC had the highest score of 45% at 880ms. The decoding scores with all channels in the two areas were higher than the respective scores for ITC and PFC, from 200ms to 500ms. In addition, the scores of the two regions increased gradually and peaked just before the choice presentation. This result suggests that abstraction information is reliably read out from ITC and PFC and that interaction of these two areas is important for the object abstraction process. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-060
クラスター型プロトカドヘリンによって構築された細胞集団は、情報割り当ての基本単位として機能する
The latent neuronal ensembles constructed by Pcdhs function as fundamental units in allocating information
*林 芽衣(1)、浅井 裕貴(1,2)、鈴木（大久保） 玲子(1,2)、金子 涼輔(4)、藤井 一希(2,3)、高雄 啓三(2,3)、八木 健(4)、井ノ口 馨(1,2)
1. 富山大学大学院 医学部、2. アイドリング脳科学研究センター、3. 富山大学 生命科学先端研究支援ユニット、4. 大阪大学大学院 生命機能研究科
*Mei Hayashi(1), Hirotaka Asai(1,2), Reiko Okubo-Suzuki(1,2), Ryosuke Kaneko(4), Kazuki Fujii(2,3), Keizo Takao(2,3), Takeshi Yagi(4), Kaoru Inokuchi(1,2)
1. Grad Sch of Med, Univ Toyama, Toyama, Japan, 2. RCIBS, Univ Toyama, Toyama, Japan, 3. Life Science Research Center, Univ Toyama, Toyama, Japan, 4. Grad Sch of Front Biosci, Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan
Keyword: Memory allocation, Neuronal ensembles, Clustered protocadherin, Memory trace / engram
Sensory information is stored in sets of neurons called memory trace. However, how the neurons are selected from huge number of neurons is still unknown. Here we investigate whether neuronal assemblies constructed by clustered protocadherins (Pcdhs) are used as fundamental units of neuronal population in allocating information. We address this problem by combining transgenic mice in which cells expressing specific isoform of Pcdhs are labeled by fluorescent protein and imaging methods of neuronal activity such as immunohistochemistry.
In the immunohistochemistry, neural activity marker cFos, which was induced by novel context exploration, was observed and quantified in the hippocampal subregions and entorhinal cortex of these transgenic mice. The proportion of cFos-expressing cells in cells expressing the specific Pcdh isoform was increased in the mice deficient in several Pcdh isoforms compared to mice with perfect repertoires of Pcdh isoforms (wild type mice). Furthermore, the number of cells expressing both cFos and the specific Pcdh isoform was significantly correlated in some of these hippocampal-cortical subregions. These results suggest that neural activity is allocated in neural ensembles constructed by Pcdhs. For clarifying causality of this possibility, we are investigating whether artificial activation of cells expressing the specific Pcdh isoform can induce the cFos expression in cells expressing the same isoform of Pcdh in downstream regions. We anticipate that this strategy can uncover the underlying mechanism information processing at neuronal ensemble level. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-061
ラメルテオンは記憶の獲得段階を促進する
Ramelteon facilitates the acquisition, but not the consolidation or retrieval, of memory
*百濟 美紅瑠(1)、池谷 裕二(1,2)、松本 信圭(1,2)
1. 東京大学大学院薬学系研究科、2. Beyond AI研究推進機構
*Mikuru Kudara(1), Yuji Ikegaya(1,2), Nobuyoshi Matsumoto(1,2)
1. Grad Sch Pharm, Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 2. Institute for AI and Beyond, Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Keyword: ramelteon, long-term memory, novel object recognition
Ramelteon, a melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist, tunes sleep-wake rhythms and is used for the treatment of insomnia. We previously reported that ramelteon modulated neocortical extracellular oscillations, suggesting the contribution of ramelteon on information processing in the brain. We hypothesized that ramelteon affects cognitive functions such as memory and learning and investigated whether ramelteon modulates the acquisition, consolidation, or retrieval of memory. To assess the effect of ramelteon on memory, we intraperitoneally injected saline or ramelteon into mice and conducted a novel object recognition test, in which two identical objects were presented to freely moving mice in an open arena on Day 1 (training session), and one object of the two was replaced with a new object on Day 2 (test session). To determine which phase (i.e., acquisition, consolidation, or retrieval) of memory was affected by ramelteon, we injected the drug 20 min before the training (acquisition group), 20 min after the training (consolidation group), or 20 min prior to the probe test (retrieval group). We divided the open arena into four quadrants, quantified time spent by mice in each quadrant in the test session. We found that the discrimination performance for two distinct objects in the acquisition group was significantly higher in ramelteon-treated mice than saline-treated mice, but neither index for the consolidation nor retrieval group differed between ramelteon- and saline-treated mice. These results suggests that ramelteon specifically modulates the acquisition phase of memory. Immunohistochemical and electrophysiological studies are now underway to reveal the mechanisms underlying the ramelteon-facilitated cognitive function. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-062
自由行動中の線虫のトラッキングイメージングによるターン運動を生み出す神経活動の解析
Analysis of neural activity underlying turning movement by tracking-imaging of freely moving C. elegans.
*田澤 右京(1)、久世 晃暢(2)、松本 朱加(2)、豊島 有(2)、大江 紗(3)、寺本 孝行(3)、石原 健(3)、飯野 雄一(2)
1. 東京大学理学部生物化学科、2. 東京大学大学院理学系研究科生物科学専攻、3. 九州大学大学院理学研究院生物科学部門
*Ukyo T. Tazawa(1), Koyo Kuze(2), Ayaka Matsumoto(2), Yu Toyoshima(2), Suzu Oe(3), Takayuki Teramoto(3), Takeshi Ishihara(3), Yuichi Iino(2)
1. Dept of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Facl of Science, Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 2. Dept of Biological Sciences, Grad Sch of Sciences, Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 3. Dept of Biology, Facl of Sciences, Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka, Japan
Keyword: Neural Activity and Behavior, Tracking-Imaging of Freely Moving Animal, C. elegans, Turning Movement
How neural activity shapes actions is one of the major questions in neuroscience. C. elegans has great advantages in studying the basis of neural commands at the cellular and circuit level. It has only 302 neurons, all of which have already been identified. Besides, the whole connectivity of its nervous system (connectome) is known. With this set of information, we can identify neurons that are responsible for an action and integrate the findings at the cellular level into the analysis at the circuit level.
Turning is an important movement for worms’ navigation behavior such as chemotaxis. Although several neurons including SMDs and RIVs have been reported to be responsible for turning, little is known about how they produce the turning movement. In addition, the depth of turning varies continuously, and there must be a quantitative relationship between the neural activity and the depth of turning.
To study the neural activity forming turning movements, we recorded the neural activity of freely moving worms by tracking-imaging microscopy. We found that the activity of SMD neurons is correlated with the angle of worms’ head during forward locomotion. We also measured the activity of SMD neurons during turning, and are analyzing the relationships between the neural activity and worms’ turning.
We currently try to record the whole brain activity of free-moving worms, thereby searching for neurons that are correlated with turning movement. In addition, we try to model the relationship between these neurons’ activity and worms’ movements and model the dynamics of these neurons taking the connectivity of these into consideration. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-063
海馬における自発的な計時行動の神経相関
Neural correlates of spontaneous time estimation in the hippocampus
*澤谷 郁哉(1)、畦地 裕統(2)、井出 薫(2)、髙橋 晋(2)
1. 同志社大学心理学部、2. 同志社大学大学院脳科学研究科
*Fumiya Sawatani(1), Hirotsugu Azechi(2), Kaoru Ide(2), Susumu Takahashi(2)
1. Faculty of Psychology, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan, 2. Grad Sch of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
Keyword: hippocampus, time cell, time estimation
Time estimation ability is necessary for adaptive behavior, but sensory receptors for perceiving the passage of time have not been found, and the neural underpinning of the time estimation remains elusive. Hippocampal—entorhinal cortical circuits are involved in encoding the temporal information during specific events, as represented by time cells. Several lines of evidence suggest that the temporal information encoded in the hippocampus is the duration, but rather the elapsed time during events. Therefore, the hippocampus is thought to plays a role in retaining information across time. In the present study, we established a behavioral task that requires sequential monitoring of elapsed time. Since recent studies have shown that the entorhinal cortex is involved in this explicit sequential observation of elapsed time, we investigated the neural underpinning of spontaneous time estimation in the dorsal hippocampus, which is in close contact with the medial entorhinal cortex, by examining the correlation between hippocampal neuronal activity and elapsed time during the task performance of rats. First, we devised an timing task in which rats had to actively start and stop a timer. The rats could spontaneously start the treadmill rotation by placing their noses in the nose-poke holes at one end of the linear track and stop it by placing their noses in the nose-poke holes on the right side, as if they were operating a stopwatch. After spontaneously stopping the treadmill within the target time, the rats could receive a reward by placing their nose in the nose-poke hole at the opposite end of the linear track. The rats could receive the reward only when the treadmill running duration was within 6 to 10 seconds. In the training, we trained rats to operate the treadmill voluntarily, and they learnt the time limit of 6 to 10 seconds by gradually narrowing the duration available for receiving the reward over a period of 1 to 2 weeks. After 5 sessions of behavioral testing with 100 trials per day as one session, there was a statistically significant difference in median running duration between session 1 and session 5 in representative rats (P < 0.01, Wilcoxon rank sum test). Moreover, we analyzed the reaction time for each running speed by varying the treadmill speed in three predetermined levels for each trial, but there was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.43, one-way ANOVA). These behavioral results suggest that the rats could estimate the passage of time approximately 6 seconds and spontaneously stop the treadmill rotation. Furthermore, 16 tetrodes were implanted in the dorsal hippocampal CA1 of rats to record extracellular neuronal activity during the task performance. In this presentation, we will report and discuss the results of our analyses of the relationship between hippocampal neuronal activity and behavior regarding the time estimation during the execution of the timing task. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-064
アルコール依存症治療薬ジスルフィラムはマウスホルマリン試験において鎮痛効果を示す
Anti-alcoholism drug disulfiram produces the analgesic effects in mice formalin test
*松浦 航太(1,3)、寺島 裕也(3)、坂田 壮太(1,3)、藤塚 亮次(1,3)、太田 有紗(1)、山田 大輔(1)、牧野 宏章(2)、高橋 秀依(2)、松島 鋼治(3)、斎藤 顕宜(1)
1. 東京理科大学 薬学部 薬理学研究室、2. 東京理科大学 薬学部 薬化学研究室、3. 東京理科大学 生命医科学研究所・炎症・免疫難病制御部門
*Kota Matsuura(1,3), Yuya Terashima(3), Sota Sakata(1,3), Ryoji Fujizuka(1,3), Arisa Ohta(1), Daisuke Yamada(1), Hiroaki Makino(2), Hideyo Takahashi(2), Koji Matsushima(3), Akiyoshi Saitoh(1)
1. Lab Pharmacol, Fac Pharm Sci, Tokyo Univ of Science, 2. Lab Pharmacol, Fac Lab Medicinal Chemistry Sci, Tokyo Univ of Science, 3. Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo Univ of Science
Keyword: FROUNT, antinociceptive effect, formalin test, analgesic effects
[Introduction] Disulfiram (DSF) has been used as a safe treatment for alcoholism for 65 years because of its aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) inhibitory activity. Recently, we found that DSF directly binds to FROUNT, an intracellular protein that promotes chemokine receptor (CCR) 2 and CCR5 signaling, and exerts anticancer effects by inhibiting FROUNT function in tumor-promoting macrophages (Nature Communications. 2020: 609). Several studies have reported that CCR2 and CCR5 are associated with the regulation of pain signaling. Therefore, this study was performed to clarify the effect of DSF on antinociceptive effects by formalin test in mice.
[Materials & Methods] Male C57BL/6J mice (7-12 weeks old) were used for the experiments. Thirty minutes after drug administration (i.p.), 1.5% formalin (50uL, s.c.) was administered to the plantar surface of the mice, and then the observed pain-related behaviors (Licking, Biting, Shaking) were measured for a total of 50 minutes. Behavioral responses in the first (0-10min), and second (11-50min) phase of each mouse were evaluated individually. To confirm the activity of the spinal cord neurons, the expression of c-Fos was observed by immunohistochemical staining.
[Results & Discussion] Mice treated with DSF (10-40 mg/kg) showed a dose-dependent and significant suppression of pain-related behaviors in second phase observed with formalin administration. On the other hand, cyanamide (40 mg/kg), an ALDH inhibitor that does not exhibit FROUNT inhibitory activity, had no effects on formalin-induced pain-related behavior. In addition, DSF analogues, with higher FROUNT inhibitory activity than DSF, also suppressed pain-related behaviors more strongly. These results indicate that DSF has an analgesic effects in mice. We proposed that DSF with FROUNT inhibitory activity is a potential analgesic with anticancer activity. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-065
クラスター型プロトカドヘリンαの発現多様性の欠如がワーキングメモリーに障害をもたらす
Lacking diversity of clustered Protocadherin-α expression impairs working memory
*山本 裕希(1)、大須賀 智貴(1)、八木 健(1)
1. 大阪大学大学院生命機能研究科
*Hiroki Yamamoto(1), Tomoki Osuka(1), Takeshi Yagi(1)
1. FBS, Univ of Osaka, Osaka, Japan
Keyword: clustered Protocadherin, working memory, behavior, c-fos
Clustered Protocadherins (cPcdh) are a group of neuronal cell adhesion molecules with three gene cluster structures (α,β, andγ) in genome, and a total of 58 isoforms are expressed in different combinations in the mice, giving cells individuality. cPcdh protein of the same isoform has homophilic adhesive activity, thus they are attracting attention as a factor for the formation of specific neural circuits. Among them,αcluster consists of 12 isoforms that are expressed randomly and 2 isoforms that are expressed constantly. Here we generatedα1-12 mice in which only α1 andα12 and two constitutive isoforms are expressed out of 14 isoforms, to examine how the diversity of cPcdhs affects individual behavior. In this mouse,α1 andα12 increase in a compensatory manner; thus, the total amount of cPcdhαremains constant. Previous studies have shown that higher cognitive functions, such as sensory integration and short-term memory retention are impaired inα1-12 mice, even though they have no abnormalities in appearance, behavior, or sensory information. In this study, we examined which types of memory disorderα1-12 mice have and identified the brain regions in which the abnormalities occurred by observing the expression of c-fos. We conducted three behavioral tasks; fear conditioning, novel object recognition, and 8-arm radial maze test to examine long-term spatial memory conditioned with fear, short-term object recognition ability, and working memory to perform tasks while maintaining spatial location information, respectively. As a result,α1-12 mice showed no abnormalities in fear conditioning and novel object recognition, but the number of error trials (revisiting the once-visited arm) in the 8-arm radial maze test was higher than that of wild-type mice. These results suggested that the diversity of cPcdhαexpression regulates working memory among various types of memory. We also found that c-fos expression during exploration of novel environment was reduced, mainly in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, suggesting that neuronal activity may be decreased in these regions. In the future, we will study this mouse more detail as a model mouse to investigate working memory formation. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-066
N-back課題遂行中のEEGから推定した皮質電流を用いたワーキングメモリ内容の識別
Pattern classification of working memory contents using EEG cortical currents during N-back task
*吉岩 慎之助(1)、高野 博史(1)、井戸 啓介(1)、森重 健一(1)
1. 富山県立大学 工学部
*Shinnosuke Yoshiiwa(1), Hironobu Takano(1), Keisuke Ido(1), Ken-ichi Morishige(1)
1. Department of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University
Keyword: EEG, Working Memory, hierarchical Bayesian method
Electroencephalography (EEG) studies of working memory have demonstrated cortical activities and oscillatory representations but have not clarified what kind of information is stored in memory representations. To answer this question, we measured scalp EEG and fMRI data while participants (five males aged from 22 to 48 years old) performed a N-back working memory task. This task consists of three periods: (1) an encoding period, where seven arrow stimuli, chosen from four types of arrows (left, right, up, and down) with replacement, were presented sequentially on a monitor. One of the stimuli was randomly presented with a red-color arrow. The participants were instructed to memorize the arrow direction that appeared two steps before the red-color arrow; (2) a retention period, during which this information was maintained over a brief delay; and (3) a response period, in which the participants judged whether a probe arrow direction matched the retained one. Various kinds of artifacts, such as eye movements, contaminated the measured EEG data. In order to remove the artifacts, we employed an extra-dipole method that is based on a hierarchical Bayesian method and simultaneously estimates the cortical and eye currents by solving the EEG inverse problem using fMRI data as prior information. We calculated the current intensities from the estimated cortical currents. The cortical regions of the prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and the early visual areas had large current intensities. These areas are known to be related to visual working memory processes. To investigate the representation of working memory on the cortical regions, we attempted to classify information about the contents of the working memory using the power spectrum during a retention period. We computed the average power of a signal in every frequency from 4 to 58 Hz using Fourier transform. We used a sparse logistic regression to reduce the input dimensions of the power spectrum and classified them into n-back or control task groups. As a result, classification accuracy was 84.07±2.85%. The weight values were distributed on multiple cortical areas related to visual working memory functions. These results indicate that our method was able to classify, to some extent, the amplitudes and oscillatory representations of EEG cortical currents over multiple regions contributes to visual working memory functions. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-067
ショウジョウバエの聴覚ニューロンにおけるドーパミン受容体の機能
The function of dopamine receptors in auditory neurons of fruit flies
*山腰 春奈(1)、小高 日菜(1)、上川内 あづさ(1)
1. 名古屋大学
*Haruna Yamakoshi(1), Hina Kodaka(1), Azusa Kamikouchi(1)
1. Nagoya University
Keyword: Courtship song, Mating behavior, Auditory pathway
Acoustic signals are important sensory information for many animals to communicate. In fruit flies, courtship songs emitted by a male has a significant effect on female receptivity for copulation. The courtship song of fruit flies has a species-specific temporal pattern (i.e., rhythm), and female flies are most receptive to mating when they are exposed to the song with the conspecific rhythm. Females decide whether to accept the male or not mainly depending on the song rhythm emitted by the courting male. This decision, however, is further affected by the condition of females; virgin females are more receptive than mated females for example. The mechanism on how females modulate the receptivity to a given song is not well understood however. To tackle this question, we focused on the AMMC-B1 neurons, the major auditory neurons to process song information at the early stages of the auditory pathway.
AMMC-B1 neurons respond to courtship songs and play an important role in the song response behavior of females (Vaughan et al., 2014). We recently found that AMMC-B1 neurons express several types of dopamine (DA) receptors. This finding raises a possibility that DA modulates the activity of AMMC-B1 neurons. We then tested the song response behavior of virgin female flies after knocking down the expression of DA receptors selectively in AMMC-B1 neurons. We used three types of artificial courtship songs: the song carrying a conspecific rhythm, that with a faster rhythm, and that with a slower rhythm.
We found that knockdown of two types of DA receptors in AMMC-B1 neurons did not affect the response behavior of females to the songs carrying conspecific and slower rhythms. However, the response to the song with a fast rhythm was significantly decreased when the expression of two types of DA receptors were knocked down. These results suggest that the two types of DA receptors expressed in AMMC-B1 neurons enhance the behavioral response of virgin females to songs with a faster rhythm, which is less attractive for females than the song with a conspecific rhythm. Further studies that explore how DA modulates the activity of AMMC-B1 neurons and how such modulation differs depending on the female’s conditions will reveal the neural mechanism underlying the flexible mating decision in female flies. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-068
動的シナプスを用いた報酬修飾型レザバー計算に基づく行動計画の数理モデルの構築と解析
Construction and analysis of a computational model for motion planning based on reward-modulated reservoir computing with dynamic synapses
*中村 仁(1)、香取 勇一(1,2)
1. 公立はこだて未来大学システム情報科学部、2. 東京大学国際高等研究所ニューロインテリジェンス国際研究機構
*Jin Nakamura(1), Yuichi Katori(1,2)
1. School of Systems Information Science, Future University Hakodate, Japan, 2. International Research Center for Neurointelligence
Keyword: Reservoir computing, Reinforcement learning, Short-term synaptic plasticity, Working memory
In our daily lives, motion planning is one of the most important abilities. However, its detailed mechanism has not been uncovered. In an experiment using actual monkeys, neural activity reflecting motion planning was observed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Based on this monkey experiment, we constructed and analyzed a computational model of motion planning based on reward-modified reservoir computation (RC) using dynamic synapses.
RC is a type of recurrent neural network (RNN) mainly used for generating and predicting time series. ESN, a typical example of RC, is known to provide short-term memory, and its learning is limited to the connection weight from the middle layer (reservoir layer) to the output layer. It is also known that short-term memory performance of RNN can be enhanced by short-term synaptic plasticity (STP). Synapses with STP are called dynamic synapses, which change the efficiency of synaptic transmission in a short period of time. Dynamic synapses have been reported to affect network dynamics and function.
This study realizes the model of motion planning by an STP-implemented ESN, assuming that the working memory (WM) is reproduced by the STP-implemented reservoir, where the final goal is remembered in the short term and transformed into an immediate goal.
The proposed model is based on the framework of reinforcement learning and learns the optimal motion. The formulation of its learning is based on previous studies. Temporal difference learning is one of the algorithms of reinforcement learning, where the state-action value (Q-value) is optimized by the state of the environment, the agent's motion, and the given rewards.
We constructed the proposed model performing the task and confirmed that its learning proceeds appropriately. In addition, the increase in the task accomplishment rate with the introduction of dynamic synapses suggested that dynamic synapses contribute to the realization of WM. After these considerations, we analyzed the firing rate of the proposed model and discussed its physiology. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-069
報酬と懲罰予測が対立する条件下における行動選択の神経基盤
A neural basis of decision-making under conflicting predictions of reward and punishment
*吉田 楓(1)、チャン ミシェル(1)、李 群(2)、ペドラサ リゼ(2)、シエラ ロドリゴ(2)、ベレー二 アンタル(2,3,4)、南 雅文(1)、竹内 雄一(1,2)
1. 北海道大学、2. セゲド大医生理、3. HCEMM-SZTE磁気医療、4. ニューヨーク大神経科学研
*Kaede Yoshida(1), Michele Chan(1), Qun Li(2), Lizeth Pedraza(2), Rodrigo Sierra(2), Antal Berényi(2,3,4), Masabumi Minami(1), Yuichi Takeuchi(1,2)
1. Facult Pharmaceutical Sci, Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Japan, 2. Facult Med, Univ Szeged, Szeged, Hungary, 3. HCEMM-SZTE Magnetotherapeutics Research Group, Univ Szeged, Szeged, Hungary, 4. Neurosci Inst, New York Univ, New York, USA
Keyword: DECISION-MAKING, PREFRONTAL CORTEX, REWARD, PUNISHMENT
The proper decision-making with contingency predictions of behaviors is an essential ability for maximizing benefits of individuals and societies. The proper decision-making is often impaired in psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and drug addiction. However, the neural basis of such proper decision-making underlying behavioral selections under conflicting predictions of reward and punishment remains unknown. To investigate the neuronal underpinnings of the adaptive behavioral selections, we trained male Long-Evans rats with an operant discrimination task that includes decision-making for reward only or reward followed by footshock punishment while local field potentials in multiple brain regions were recorded. Rats were subjected to discriminate 9 kHz and 4 kHz pure tones in Go or NoGo trials for reward only or reward followed by footshock (0.2 - 0.5 mA for 1 s), respectively. A semi-supervised machine-learning technology called discriminative cross-spectral factor analysis successfully extracted an oscillatory brain activity pattern that decreases several seconds before the reward-taking behaviors in the NoGo trials happened; we named the oscillatory brain activity pattern as the careful decision-making pattern. The careful decision-making pattern included beta and gamma oscillations in the prefrontal cortices and beta coherence between the medial prefrontal cortex and the amygdala. Chemomgenetic inhibition of the beta and gamma oscillations in the prefrontal cortex and the beta coherence between the medial prefrontal cortex and the amygdala reversibly impaired the proper behavior selections between Go and NoGo trials. These results suggest a top-down control of impulsive decision-making by the prefrontal cortex on the subcortical limbic structures including the amygdala. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-070
仔マウスにおける愛着形成メカニズムの解析
Molecular mechanism of attachment formation in postnatal mice.
*仲間 菜々子(1)、宮内 波奈(1)、臼井 紀好(1,2,3,4)、島田 昌一(1,2,3,4)
1. 大阪大学大学院医学系研究科神経細胞生物学講座、2. 大阪大学大学院連合小児発達学研究科、3. 大阪大学国際医工情報センター、4. 大阪精神医療センターこころの科学リサーチセンター依存症ユニット
*Nanako Nakama(1), Hana Miyauchi(1), Noriyoshi Usui(1,2,3,4), Shoichi Shimada(1,2,3,4)
1. Dept Neurosci Cell Biol, Grad Sch Med, Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan, 2. United Grad Sch Child Dev, Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan, 3. Global Cent Med Eng Info, Osaka Univ, Osaka, Japan, 4. Addiction Res Unit, Osaka Psych Res Center, Osaka Psych Med Cent, Osaka, Japan
Keyword: ATTACHMENT
By forming attachment with parents and/or caregivers, children develop with a sense of security and experience social activities. However, the number of children with attachment disorder is increased year by year, and it becomes a social problem. Attachment disorder exhibits behavioral characteristics of reactive attachment disorder (indifferent to others, cautious, and easily irritated) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (hyperactivity, increased interpersonal problems, and lack of shyness), which can lead to problems in school and society. This is thought to be due to the failure of attachment formation between the child and the parents and/or caregivers after birth. However, most of the studies on attachment disorder have focused on the parenting behaviors of mothers and fathers, and few studies have focused on children. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism of attachment formation in children. Since it has been reported that odor and contact stimuli are involved in attachment formation, we first examined odor stimuli. We examined the response of postnatal pups to their mother's odor, and found increased neural activity in the olfactory bulb with maternal odor stimulation compared to control. Measuring ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) of the pups, we found that an increased number of USVs when they were isolated from their mothers, suggesting that this may be an indicator of attachment formation. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-071
Isolation callの時間的変化が母子間コミュニケーションに与える影響
Effects of spectral-temporal characteristics of isolation call in mother-infant communication in a rodent
*小玉 美夢(1)、田中 一樹(1)、玉井 湧太(1,2)、小林 耕太(1)
1. 同志社大学大学院 生命医科学研究科、2. エバーハルト・カール大学テュービンゲン
*Miyu Kodama(1), Kazuki Tanaka(1), Yuta Tamai(1,2), Kohta I Kobayasi(1)
1. Grad Sch LifeSci, Univ Doshisha, Kyoto, Japan, 2. JSPS Overseas Research Fellow/Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen
Keyword: mother-infant sound communication, Retrieve behavior, Isolation call, frequency modulation
The mother-infant bond is important for the development of offspring health and sociality. The mother-infant communication has been studied in many mammals including rodents. Rodent pups emit ultrasonic sound vacillation termed isolation call when they sense danger during isolation. The mother that hears her pup’s isolation call, immediately rushes to her pups, pick them up and return them to the nest (retrieve behavior). Previous studies reported that isolation call induces the maternal behavior relatively consistently. However, which acoustic information in the isolation call induces the retrieve behavior remains largely unclear. In this study, we investigated the contribution of acoustic features of isolation calls in mother-infant communication in Mongolian gerbil (Merioncs unguiculatus), specifically focusing on the temporal changes in isolation calls. After recording the isolation calls of the pups at 3, 5, 7, and 10 postnatal days (PND), we played the original call, time-inverted calls and band noises with the frequency band of original call, and compared the latency until the mother approached to the stimulus-presentation place, the time spent at the place, and the number approached the place. The experiment was conducted at 3, 5, 7, and 10 PND. The results showed that latency was longer and duration was shorter when the inverted call was played compared to the normal call through 3 to 10 PND, and the difference was significant at the 5 and 7 PND. This data suggests that gerbil mothers discriminate the acoustic features of their pup’s isolation calls on performing maternal behaviors. In addition, an acoustic analysis revealed that isolation call contains several spectral-temporal features sensitive to time inversion, such as the number of frequency modulations and the entire sweep of frequency, and through development these features systematically changed. Prominence of features are well correlated with the occurrence of retrieve behavior. These results suggest that gerbil mothers perform the maternal behavior depending on spectral-temporal characteristics in isolation calls, and the frequency modulation could be the key acoustic feature to induce the retrieve behavior. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-072
分配に対する反応における他者の公平への配慮に関する神経相関
Neural correlates for other’s equity concern modulating response to distribution in ultimatum game
*浅野 早紀(1)、小川 昭利(1)、栃木 麗亜(1)、田中 政輝(1)、長田 貴宏(1)、鎌形 康司(1)、青木 茂樹(1)、小西 清貴(1)
1. 順天堂大学医学部
*Saki Asano(1), Akitoshi Ogawa(1), Reia Tochigi(1), Masaki Tanaka(1), Takahiro Osada(1), Koji Kamagata(1), Shigeki Aoki(1), Seiki Konishi(1)
1. Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
Keyword: functional magnetic resonance imaging, right temporo-parietal junction, ultimatum game, utility model
Distribution is the fundamental human behavior in social contexts. Humans have a strong preference for fair distributions of resources. Previous studies revealed that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is associated with the decision-making of financial distribution. However, it was still elusive whether the right temporoparietal junction (RTPJ), the brain region involved in perspective-taking of others, was associated with the equity concern of others in financial distribution. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we investigated whether the others’ equity concerns influence the response to distribution offer and their neural basis. While scanning, the participants (N = 20) performed a variant of the ultimatum game as responders. In each trial, two split options were presented at first. Each option showed the outcomes for the proposer and the responder. The proposer selected one of two split options, which was offered to the responder. This study defined the monetary difference in the responder’s outcomes between the selected and unselected options (hereafter, Δoutcome) as the proposer’s inequity concern. Next, we analyzed the accept/reject choices using a mixed-effects logistic regression model that included the outcome, the disadvantageous inequity (DI, i.e., the difference of rewards for the proposer and responder), and Δoutcome. All MRI data were acquired using a 3-T MRI scanner (Siemens Prisma). The functional images were motion-corrected, distortion-corrected, spatially normalized into the standard space of Montreal Neurology Institute, spatially smoothed, and high-pass filtered. Then, we performed a general linear model (GLM) analysis that modeled the presentation of split offers, the button press indicating accept or reject, and the rating duration. We regarded the outcome, DI, and Δoutcome as parametric modulations during the presentation of split offers. Behavioral results of the mixed-effects logistic regression showed that all three effects significantly influenced the acceptance of split offers. Imaging results showed that the outcome, DI, and Δoutcome were respectively associated with the ventral striatum, anterior part of angular gyrus, and RTPJ. These results suggest that the RTPJ is involved in the perception of others’ equity concerns in financial distribution. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-073
長期的自発運動が向社性行動の獲得とオキシトシン神経活動に及ぼす影響
Effects of long-term voluntary exercise on prosocial learning and activation of oxytocin neurons in rats
*森岡 文(1)、久保田 夏子(2)、北 一郎(2)
1. 東京都立大学・理学部、2. 東京都立大学院・人間健康・行動生理
*Aya Morioka(1), Natsuko Kubota(2), Ichiro Kita(2)
1. Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan, 2. Department Human Health Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
Keyword: prosocial behavior, oxytocin, exercise, responsiveness
Recently, we have reported that the long-tern voluntary exercise could facilitate prosocial learning using helping-behavior task in rats, but the helping behavior was not observed immediately after the long-tern exercise. This indicates that the long-tern exercise may a factor for facilitating prosocial learning, even though the prosocial behavior is not conducted in early phase of the learning. Oxytocin (OXT), a neuropeptide, is known to be responsible for social behavior, including empathy and prosocial behavior. In addition, it has been suggested that regular exercise could increase plasma OXT levels. Thus, we hypothesized that long-term voluntary exercise may facilitate the learning of prosocial behavior through increased responsiveness of activity of OXT neurons.
The prosocial learning was evaluated using helping behavior task for 6 consecutive days (up to 5 min/day), in which a helper rat opens the door to help a soaked rat in a water-pool area, and the time to the door-opening was measured. We also measured the time spent in the interaction zone where is the area within 5 cm from the door to estimate the motivation for helping behavior. Furthermore, we evaluated activation of OXT neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) during helping situation for 30 min in the days immediately before and after the learning (day 0 and day 7) using immunohistochemistry to estimate responsiveness of activity of OXT neurons. Prior to the learning experiment, the helper rats were individually housed in the cage with, or without running wheel (Ex-G, nEx-G, respectively) for 4 weeks, while the soaked rats (i.e., demonstrator) were housed with 3-4 rats in the normal cage.
The helper rats in Ex-G could faster learn opening the door for helping the unfamiliar soaked rats than nEx-G through 6-day trials, and the helping behavior was not observed in both Ex-G and nEx-G on day 1, as our previous study. In addition, the time spent in the interaction zone during helping situation showed no different between Ex-G and nEx-G on day 0 (i.e., before learning period), whereas Ex-G showed longer time spent in the interaction zone in day 7 (i.e., after learning period). Interestingly, activity of OXT neurons during helping situation on day 0, as well as day 7, was higher in Ex-G than nEx-G. These results suggest that long-tern voluntary exercise could facilitate prosocial learning through increased responsiveness of OXT neurons. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-074
Investigating the Role of the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei on Social Interaction in Mice Using Muscimol and Optogenetics
*Yi-Ting Lin(1,2), Wen-Sung Lai(1,2)
1. Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan, 2. Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
Keyword: social interaction, deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN), muscimol, optogenetics
Social interaction is the process of reciprocal influence produced by individuals over one another during social encounters. This process is a building block of society in animal kingdom, hence is crucial for survival and reproduction in animals. In search of a neural basis of social interaction, cerebrum has been the main focus of research for many years. However, emerging evidence from recent studies has started to reveal the potential involvement of cerebellum in social functions. It remains unclear how the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN), the main output of the cerebellum, may be involved in social interaction. To this aim, we conducted 2 experiments to investigate the role of the DCN in adult male C57BL/6J mice (3-4 months). Taking advantage of either muscimol (an ionotropic GABAA receptor agonist) or optogenetics, we temporally inhibited or activated the DCN in mice and measured their social interaction in a modified version of the three-chamber test. The time spent in investigating an unfamiliar stimulus mouse or the empty enclosure, as well as the time spent in nose-to-nose interaction between the two animals were recorded and calculated as indices of social interaction between two mice. In Experiment 1, intra-DCN micro-infusion of muscimol (0.1 μg/animal) resulted in a reduction of nose-to-nose interaction behavior and sociability in mice. In Experiment 2, in vivo optogenetic stimulation (20 Hz, 10 ms) was applied to the DCN while the mice displayed nose-to-nose social interaction. The magnitudes of illumination power were set at 50% and 80% of minimal power for causing tremors. In contrast to Experiment 1, the activation of the DCN resulted in a trend of increasing social interaction in mice. But, there was no effect on their sociability. Collectively, our preliminary finding suggests that the DCN is involved in social interaction. The precise role of the DCN and its underlying neural mechanisms supporting social interaction are worth further investigation. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-075
死を認識する神経メカニズム
Neural mechanisms of death recognition
*伊藤 広朗(1)、板倉 拓海(2)、黄 子彦(3)、度会 晃行(3)、ジョン ミョン(3)、田尾 賢太郎(3)、船水 章大(3)、奥山 輝大(3)
1. 東京大学理学部、2. 東京大学大学院農学系研究科、3. 東京大学 定量生命科学研究所
*Hiroh Ito(1), Takumi Itakura(2), Ziyan Huang(3), Akiyuki Watarai(3), Myung Chung(3), Kentaro Tao(3), Akihiro Funamizu(3), Teruhiro Okuyama(3)
1. Fac Sci, Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 2. Grad Sch Agri and Life Sci, Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 3. IQB, Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Keyword: DEATH RECOGNITION, ANIMACY PERCEPTION, OXYTOCIN, SOCIAL RECOGNITION
To know whether a conspecific is dead or alive can become a matter of life and death for animals. Various characteristic behaviors toward dead companions were found: ants and bees carry dead nestmates out of their nest to maintain a hygienic environment, while some records show that whales and dolphins take care of their dead calves. Evidence suggests that animals can recognize death, but its neural mechanism has not been well studied.
On the other hand, the recognition of living conspecifics (i.e., animacy perception) has been widely studied. Specifically, oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) play an important role in transmitting information to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which has been found to give positive valence to social stimuli. This suggests that the information of death, which is often an aversive stimulus, may suppress the oxytocin system.
According to the oxytocin studies, we aim to investigate the brain regions and neural circuits of death recognition. We designed a behavioral assay to quantify the approach to various stimuli including dead body or live conspecific, then applied a machine learning model to estimate the valence of stimuli in order to detect whether animals recognize death or not. As a result, it was estimated that the value dropped from live mice, anesthetized mice, dead mice to objects. This suggested that the perception of life and death can be estimated from that valence.
For future studies, we will utilize this assay to search for neural circuits that may influence the behavioral phenotype of the assay. We will estimate important brain regions based on the observations of neural activity of animals exposed to a dead body and conduct the behavioral assay with the cells in those regions manipulated, aiming to identify the neural mechanisms of death recognition. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-076
ヒトの性格特性と安静時脳機能ネットワークの関連における性差
Distinct sex difference in the relationship between personality and resting-state brain functional network in young volunteers
*平田 大晟(1)、堂西 倫弘(1)、寺田 正樹(2)、金桶 吉起(1)
1. 和歌山県立医科大学、2. 医療法人昭陽会 和歌山南放射線科クリニック
*Taisei Hirata(1), Tomohiro Donishi(1), Masaki Terada(2), Yoshiki Kaneoke(1)
1. Wakayama Medical University, 2. Wakayama-Minami Radiology Clinic
Keyword: MRI
Several researches have shown that human personality is represented in the resting-state brain functional networks as measured by functional MRI. Its sex difference has yet to be evaluated enough, even though brain functions are affected by sex hormones. In this study, we studied the relationship between personality scores and brain regional functional connectivity parameters using the data from 324 young (18-22 years old) volunteers (103 males and 221 females). 3T MRI was used to acquire 15 min BOLD images for each subject. Brain regions including the subcortical nuclei and the cerebellum were divided into 388 regions by the atlas (AICHA and AAL) to determine network parameters using the time course of the mean BOLD signal in each region. Score of the neuroticism in the big five personality traits test was negatively related to the degree centrality of the left intra-parietal sulcus in males (r = -0.42, FDR corrected p<0.01), but not in females. No other traits were related to the network parameters for both males and females. The results would not be due to the statistical power difference because the number of females was more than twice of males. We consider that the neural correlates of the personality traits for females are distinct from those for the males, even if the same score was measured by the personality trait test. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-077
変分自己符号化器のラットの社会的遊び行動の自動解析への応用
An application of a variable autoencoder for automatic analysis of play fighting in rats.
*滝野 沙紀(1)、高柳 友紀(2)、西丸 広史(1)、瀬戸川 剛(1)、Batpurev Temuge (3)、柴田 智広(3)、西条 寿夫(1)、松本 惇平(1)
1. 富山大学、2. 自治医科大学、3. 九州工業大学
*Saki Takino(1), Yuki Takayanagi(2), Hiroshi Nishimaru(1), Tsuyoshi Setogawa(1), Temuge Batpurev(3), Tomohiro Shibata(3), Hisao Nishijo(1), Jumpei Matsumoto(1)
1. University of Toyama, 2. Jichi Medical University, 3. Kyushu Institute of Technology
Keyword: Play fighting, Unsupervised learning, Behavior analysis
Play fighting in laboratory rats is implicated in development of social skills, and assessment and manipulation of social relationships. Rat play fighting involves attack and defense of the nape of the neck. Accurate quantitative analysis of the animal’s posture is required to study such behaviors. However, manual scoring which was widely used in previous studies has limitations in throughput and reproducibility. Existing automatic video analysis systems, including ones using deep learning algorithms for markerless motion capture, often fail to analyze such rough-and-tumble interactions, due to frequent overlapping and close proximity of the tussling animals. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of variable autoencoder (VAE) for automatic analysis of the play fight. The VAE is a neural network model which can learn low-dimensional representation of a specific type of images in unsupervised manner. Thus, VAE may help to extract latent variables underlying the scenes of play fighting (e.g., relative position of rats, posture of each rat) and to analyze the behavior automatically using the latent variables. To this end, we first tested the spatial-VAE, a recently proposed VAE variant designed to extract latent variables independent of the camera angle relative to the subjects, for the categorization of the postures during play fighting. For training and testing the VAE, two hours of top-view videos (20 min/session, 6 sessions) were captured during interactions between two male rats including play fighting. We used 15,200 images extracted from the videos for training the VAE. In addition, we manually labeled images during 3 different behavior categories: 1) nuzzling the nape, 2) defending with partial rotation posture, and 3) defending with complete rotation posture (100 images for each behavior category), and tested whether the trained encoder can accurately categorize these behaviors. The accuracy of categorization with a support-vector machine was 56 ± 2.5 % (mean ± s.e.m), which was significantly greater than the chance level (33 %, p = 6.2 × 10-6, one-sample t-test). The result supports potential usefulness of VAE for analyzing play fighting. The compression of images into low-dimensional latent variables may also be useful for categorizing temporal dynamics of postures and individual animal tracking. Integrating these approaches would achieve automatic and detailed scoring of social interaction in rodents involving rough-and-tumble behaviors. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-078
ニコチンは抗炎症作用を介して幼少期逆境体験による社会性障害を改善する
Nicotine ameliorates social dysfunction induced by early-life adversity through anti-inflammatory effects in mice
*森 祐貴(1)、小森 崇史(1)、牧之段 学(1)
1. 奈良県立医科大学 精神医学講座
*Yuki Mori(1), Takashi Komori(1), Manabu Makinodan(1)
1. Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University
Keyword: Social Isolation, Nicotine, Inflammation, Social Behavior
Early-life adversity, including neglect, is one of the significant social problems, and while prevention is essential, the development of therapeutic intervention methods is also an urgent issue. We have already shown that social isolation in childhood impairs sociality and working memory in mice, even after a certain period in group rearing, and that microglial inflammation is involved in these processes. Furthermore, mice that experienced social isolation experiences in childhood had increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglia (MG). Previous studies have shown that nicotine suppresses MG-induced inflammation. Thus, this study aims to examine the effects of nicotine administration on social and cognitive functions, as well as microglial inflammation using juvenile social isolation mice, which mimic the experience of childhood neglect. We weaned male C57BL/6J mice on postnatal days 21(P21) and assigned them to two groups: one that was isolated from P21 to P35, and then re-socialized with 3-5 of them at P35 (isolation-regular environment mice; IS-RE mice), and one that was group-housed after weaning (regular environment mice; RE mice). From P35, both groups were orally administered 200 ug/mL of (-)-nicotine hydrogen tartrate - 2% saccharin solution or 2% saccharin solution until sacrifice, and we conducted behavioral experiments between P65 and P72. After the behavioral experiments, we collected the cerebral cortex between P69 and P76, isolated the MG using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS), and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in MG were measured using real-time PCR. In behavioral experiments, we measured social and cognitive functions. We used a three-chamber apparatus to measure social behavior (3-chamber social interaction test). Mice were placed in the three chambers for 10 min, with a stranger mouse in one chamber and a novel object in the other. The ratio of time spent approaching stranger mice to time spent approaching objects was used as an index of sociality. As shown in previous studies, the results showed that IS-RE mice showed a decrease in social behavior. Furthermore, when IS-RE mice were exposed to nicotine, their social behavior recovered to the same level as RE mice. To verify the improvement in cognitive function, we have already conducted the Y-maze test and are currently analyzing the results, which will be presented on the day of the presentation. In addition, genetic analysis is also underway to confirm whether nicotine administration suppresses microglial inflammation in IS-RE mice, and the results also will be presented on the day of the presentation. It is hoped that this research will develop new therapeutic approaches to pathology caused by childhood adversity. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-079
母親由来のGABRB3遺伝子変異が、社会行動および性行動の異常を引き起こす
Maternally inherited GABRB3 mutation causes impairments in social and sexual behaviors
*石田 廉(1)、度会 晃行(1)、奥山 輝大(1)
1. 東京大学定量生命科学研究所
*Kiyoshi Ishida(1), Akiyuki Watarai(1), Teruhiro Okuyama(1)
1. Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (IQB), The University of Tokyo
Keyword: GABRB3, Sexual Behavior, Ultrasonic Vocalization, Genome Imprinting
Some developmental processes in the central nervous system are preferentially modulated by maternal or paternal allele as a result of genome imprinting. Mutation in the imprinting region can cause different physical symptoms or deficits in social skills depending on the parent of origin, and the disorders are often considered separately. For instance, maternally mutated human chromosome 15q11-13 results in Angelman syndrome, while loss of function of paternally expressed genes in the same region causes Prader-Willi syndrome. We hypothesized that mutation in one allele of GABRB3, the gene coding GABA receptor subunit beta-3 located on 15q11-13 shows different phenotypes for social behavior depending on which parent the allele was inherited from. Mice bred between GABRB3 hetero-mutant (Gabrb3-Hetero) and C57BL/6 (B6) pairs were split into four groups: mice with maternal lack of GABRB3 (Gabrb3-mKO), their wild-type siblings (Gabrb3-mWT), mice with paternal deletion of GABRB3 (Gabrb3-pKO) and the wild-type siblings (Gabrb3-pWT). Then, we examined their interaction with other mice during juvenile age and social behavior toward the same or different sex after sexually matured. To evaluate the ability to communicate with females, Gabrb3-Hetero and their wild-type siblings, which experienced two weeks of cohabitation with a B6 female were exposed to a novel freely moving B6 female for 3 minutes, and social behaviors and ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) during the period were recorded. Compared to the WT siblings, Gabrb3-mKO interacted less with a female and emitted fewer USVs. Conversely, no apparent abnormalities in interaction time and USVs were found in Gabrb3-pKO mice. These results suggest that the functions of GABA receptor subunit beta-3 underlying the mechanism for sexual behaviors are preferentially modulated by maternal allele. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-080
摂取した食物に特異的な食物価値低下を誘導するマウス行動解析モデルの確立
Establishment of a mouse model to detect food devaluation specific to ingested food
*好田 歩(1)、喜田 聡(1)
1. 東京大学
*Ayumu Yoshida(1), Satoshi Kida(1)
1. The University of Tokyo
Keyword: FOOD VALUE
Food values show feeding experience-dependent changes in life. Food values have a strong influence on food preference. However, the biological mechanisms for changes of the food value following a feeding experience remain unclear. Sensory-specific satiety in humans is a phenomenon that suppresses the motivation to eat by specifically reducing the value of the immediately preceding food. Interestingly, it has been suggested that patients with bulimics or obese tend to lose this "devaluation of food in response to food intake” (presumably, sensory specific satiety). In this present study, we are elucidating the neural mechanisms by which the food value is reduced by the immediately preceding feeding. We first attempted to establish a mouse behavioral task to reduce the value of the food fed immediately before. Using two types of food (X pellets and Y pellets) that mice showed equal preference for, we presented one of the foods (test food) to fasted adult male mice and allowed them to freely feed on it for 1 hour. Subsequently, the same food (test food) or the other food (control food) was fed for 10 minutes. Importantly, the intake of the test food was significantly lower compared to the control food. We next performed the similar experiment except that both foods were fed ad libitum for 10 min after the test food was fed for one hour. Mice showed significantly less intake of the test food compared to the control food. These observations suggest that the value of the immediately preceding food was reduced in this behavioral task, and that mice shows feeding behaviors similar to those of human (e.g., sensory specific satiety). We are currently analyzing the neuralnetwork involved in changes in food value in this behavioral task by measuring expression of c-fos , immediate-early gene. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-081
疲労困憊運動時に活動が高まる神経群の同定と操作
Capturing and manipulating neurons activated by exhaustive exercise
*山田 紗希(1,2)、征矢 晋吾(1,2)、松井 崇(1)、櫻井 武(1,2)
1. 筑波大学、2. 国際統合睡眠医科学研究機構
*Saki Yamada(1,2), Shingo Soya(1,2), Takashi Matsui(1), Takeshi Sakurai(1,2)
1. Tsukuba University, 2. WIP-IIIs
Keyword: exhausted exercise, body temperature, TRAP
Exhaustive exercise induces a variety of physiological responses including increased core body temperature, glycogen reduction, and hypoglycemia, described with so-called “Fatigue”. However, the neural mechanism that induces these phenomena has been largely unknown. To capture the neurons which were activated during exhaustive exercise, we utilized the TRAP2 (Targeted Recombination in Active Populations 2) system. In this study, we used TRAP2-iCre mice, which express CreERT2 under the c-fos promoter. We crossed these mice with Rosa26-CAG-lsl-hM3Dq(hM4Di)-mCherry and trained them to run on a motor-driven treadmill to capture neurons which were activated during exhaustive exercise in the brain by injecting 4-OHT intraperitoneally. We found that exhaustive exercise induced expression of hM3Dq(hM4Di)-mCherry in several brain regions including the preoptic area (POA), dorsomedial hypothalamus(DMH), paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus(PVN), paraventricular hypothalamus(PH), Pons, and periaqueductal gray(PAG). Reactivation of these neurons by intraperitoneal injection of Clozapine-N-Oxide (CNO) induced marked reduction of surface body temperature and energy expenditure with severe immobility. Inhibition of these neurons didn’t induce any change on these parameters. We also found internal body temperature around brown adipose tissue decreased during exhaustive exercise on a treadmill. To identify specific brain regions which control these phenomena, we locally injected Cre-dependent AAV expressing hM3Dq-mCherry into the AVPe, PVN, DMH, and PH of TRAP2-iCre mice. We observed chemogenetic excitation of PVN neurons activated with exhaustive exercise strongly decreased surface body temperature and energy expenditure with immobility. On the other hand, excitation of DMH and PH neurons increased energy expenditure and surface body temperature accompanied by tail vasodilation. These results suggest that neurons which are activated during exhaustive exercise showed differential effects on body temperature and energy expenditure regulation. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
1P-082
注意に関する個人特性と創造性の関係についての検討
A Study of Relationship between Personal Characteristics Related to Attention and Creativity
*上田 珠生(1)、岩山 俊裕(2)、梶原 真優(2)、高山 航希(2)、鬼丸 雅史(2)、桃井 誉門(2)、福崎 采加(2)、長棟 陸(1)、齊藤 和磨(1)、元村 祐貴(3)
1. 九州大学芸術工学部工業設計学科、2. 九州大学大学院統合新領域学府ユーザー感性学専攻、3. 九州大学大学院芸術工学研究院
*Tamaki Ueda(1), Toshihiro Iwayama(2), Mayu Kajihara(2), Koki Takayama(2), Masafumi Onimaru(2), Takayuki Momoi(2), Ayaka Fukuzaki(2), Riku Nagamune(1), Kazuma Saito(1), Yuki Motomura(3)
1. Kyushu University School of Design Department of Industrial Design, 2. Kyushu University Graduate School of Integrated Frontier Sciences Department of Kansei Science, 3. Kyushu University Graduate School of Design
Keyword: CREATIVITY, ADHD, MIND WANDERING, MINDFULNESS
Aspects of creativity include divergent thinking, which generates many new ideas, and convergent thinking, which integrates ideas or derives a single solution from existing information. In previous research, people with a high tendency toward mind wandering (a phenomenon in which attention is diverted from the task at hand or events in the external environment to engage in spontaneous thinking) performed better on a task measuring divergent thinking (Unusual Uses Test (UUT): suggesting new uses for existing objects), and those with a high tendency toward mindfulness (active attention to the experience of the here and now, without adding evaluation) tendency are shown to perform better on tasks that measure convergent thinking. It has also been reported that individuals with ADHD perform better on UUT. These results suggest that individual characteristics related to attention may act as factors that promote or inhibit creativity, and that the relationship may differ depending on the type of creativity tasks. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of personal characteristics related to attention on creativity from a new perspective by using a novel creativity task assessment measure that has not been examined in the past. In addition, we focused on the increase of the θ/β ratio in EEG, which is considered to be the characteristic of ADHD, and examined the relationship between EEG and the performance of creativity tasks. Individual characteristics were investigated by questionnaire. Divergent Association Task (DAT), a measure of divergent thinking, and Tangram Task, an insight problem, were used as creativity tasks. Multiple regression analysis was conducted after variable selection using the stepwise method, with the objective variable being the performance on each creativity task and the explanatory variables being the scores on each questionnaire and EEG data. The relationship between the scores of each questionnaire and EEG data and the performance of creativity tasks was examined by the model after variable selection. Results showed a significant association between ADHD subscales, mind wandering tendency, and DAT scores. The θ/β ratio during the task had a significant positive effect on DAT scores. | | | |
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