ポスター
E. 行動の分子・神経的基盤
E. Molecular and Neuronal Bases of Behavior |
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| 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 宜野湾市民体育館 ポスター会場2
1P-083
Fractalkineの記憶・学習能力への関与と非侵襲的な測定方法の開発
A non-invasive measurement method of fractalkine that may be involved in human memory and learning ability
*藤村 将大(1)、山田 貴亮(1)、大形 悠一郎(1)、長谷川 靖司(1,2)
1. 日本メナード化粧品株式会社 総合研究所、2. 名古屋大学 メナード協同研究講座
*Masahiro Fujimura(1), Takaaki Yamada(1), Yuichiro Ogata(1), Seiji Hasegawa(1,2)
1. Research Laboratories, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., 2. Nagoya University-MENARD Collaborative Research Chair, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
Keyword: working memory, fractalkine, saliva, inflammatory protein
【Objectives】 Neurogenesis of neural stem cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of the brain has a critical role in memory and learning ability, and hence age-related reduction in the ability is thought to at least partly result from the decrease in the neurogenesis. Previously, we reported that fractalkine, an inflammatory protein, suppresses neurogenesis in vitro and may contribute to the reduction in memory and learning ability. Here, we examined if the level of fractalkine is correlated with memory and learning ability in humans and aimed to establish a method of measuring fractalkine non-invasively by using saliva.
【Methods】 We performed n-back task to examine working memory of healthy men (n = 30, 26–65 years of age; mean, 41.0; median, 36.5) under the approval of the ethics committee of Nippon Menard Cosmetic Research Laboratories. In addition, blood and saliva samples were collected from the subjects and the fractalkine levels in plasma and saliva were measured.
【Results and Discussion】The plasma fractalkine level increased with age and the score of n-back task decreased with age. The plasma fractalkine level and the score of n-back task were negatively correlated even after controlling for age, whereas the level of IL-1α, another inflammatory protein that increased with age, did not show any correlation with n-back score. Taken together with our previous observation in vitro suggesting that fractalkine suppresses neurogenesis, fractalkine may be one of factors that affect memory and learning ability. We also found that the fractalkine level in saliva was correlated with that in plasma. Therefore, plasma fractalkine levels can be estimated using saliva, which is a more non-invasive method, and saliva fractalkine levels may be able to be used to test a risk of reduction in the brain function. We are currently developing a saliva-based method of detecting risk of reduced brain function that can be easily and broadly used. We will also further analyze the function of fractalkine in memory and learning ability. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 宜野湾市民体育館 ポスター会場2
1P-084
Gastrin-releasing peptideはamygdalostriatal transition areaを活性化させ、ストレス負荷時の恐怖学習を調節する
Gastrin-releasing peptide regulates fear learning under stressed conditions via activation of the amygdalostriatal transition area
*後藤 史子(1)、城山 優治(2,1)、小川 糸音(1)、奥野 浩行(2)、吉田 進昭(3)、尾藤 晴彦(4)、真鍋 俊也(1)
1. 東京大学医科学研究所神経ネットワーク分野、2. 鹿児島大学医歯学総合研究科生体機能制御学講座、3. 東京大学医科学研究所発生工学研究分野、4. 東京大学医学部神経生化学教室
*Fumiko Goto(1), Yuji Kiyama(2,1), Itone Ogawa(1), Hiroyuki Okuno(2), Nobuaki Yoshida(3), Haruhiko Bito(4), Toshiya Manabe(1)
Keyword: stress, fear learning, gastrin-releasing peptide, amygdalostriatal transition area
Prolonged and severe stress can trigger detrimental effects in the brain regions involved in the regulation of various behaviors. In particular, dysfunction in the regulation of emotional response results in vulnerability to an array of mental disorders, such as anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression. The amygdala, a critical brain region responsible for emotional behavior, is crucially involved in the regulation of the effects of stress on emotional behavior. In the mammalian forebrain, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), a 27-amino-acid mammalian neuropeptide, which is a homolog of the 14-amino-acid amidated amphibian peptide bombesin, is highly expressed in the amygdala. The levels of GRP are markedly increased in the amygdala after acute stress; therefore, it is known as a stress-activated modulator. To determine the role of GRP in emotional behavior under stress, we conducted some behavioral and biochemical experiments with GRP-knockout (KO) mice. GRP-KO mice exhibited a longer freezing response than wild-type (WT) littermates in both contextual and auditory fear conditioning tests only when they were subjected to acute restraint stress 20 min before the conditioning. To identify the critical neural circuits associated with the regulation of emotional memory by GRP, we conducted Arc/Arg3.1-reporter mapping in the amygdala with an Arc-Venus reporter transgenic mouse line. In the amygdalostriatal transition area (AST) and the lateral side of the basolateral nuclei, fear conditioning after restraint stress increased neuronal activity significantly in WT mice, and GRP KO was found to negate this potentiation only in the AST. These results indicate that the GRP-activated neurons in the AST are likely to suppress excessive fear expression through the regulation of downstream circuits related to fear learning following acute stress. | | 2022年6月30日 13:00～14:00 宜野湾市民体育館 ポスター会場2
1P-085
時が流れる方向の主観的弁別における神経活動
Neural correlates of subjective discrimination between the directions of time flow
*羽生 奈央(1,4)、渡邉 慶(1,2,3)、北澤 茂(1,2,3)
1. 大阪大学大学院生命機能研究科、2. 脳情報通信融合研究センター、3. 大阪大学大学院医学系研究科、4. 日本学術振興会特別研究員
*Nao Hanyu(1,4), Kei Watanabe(1,2,3), Shigeru Kitazawa(1,2,3)
1. Grad Sch of Frontier Biosciences, Univ of Osaka, Osaka, Japan , 2. Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), 3. Grad Sch Med, Univ of Osaka, Osaka, Japan , 4. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Keyword: The direction of time flows, Reverse playback movie, Cerebello-thalamo-cortical loops, Natural movie clip
It is no use crying over spilt milk. The proverb reflects our strong belief that time flows in one particular direction. If we were presented a video clip in which spilt milk flowed back into a bottle, we should be able to judge that the video clip was played in reverse. We previously showed that this was partly the case. When participants were required to judge the direction of video replay, some video clips were easy to judge as in the case of the spilt milk (e.g., animals moving forward, objects falling) but others were not (e.g., conversations, musical performances). In the present study, we investigated neural bases underlying our ability of discrimination between the two directions of time flow.
While participants lay in an MRI scanner, we presented 120 silent video clips (3-s long) that recorded scenes in our daily life. Stimuli were selected from two groups according to the saliency of time direction and were played twice, once in forward and once in reverse in a pseudo-random order. A group of participants (n=16) judged the direction and another group (control, n=16) judged whether the presentation was longer or shorter than 3-s.
We found bilateral activations in the cingulate cortex, operculum, thalamus, middle temporal gyrus, the simple lobules of the cerebellum, and unilateral activations in the right intraparietal sulcus, the right precentral sulcus and the left biventer lobule of the cerebellum. The Granger causality analysis revealed that major hubs reside in the right precentral sulcus, right middle temporal gyrus, and left biventer lobule of the cerebellum. These cerebellar regions were not activated in the control participants. These results show that we use cerebello-thalamo-cortical loops for the discrimination between the directions of time flow. | | | |
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