ポスター
I. その他
I. Others |
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| 2022年7月2日 11:00～12:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
3P-356
Neuroscience of Depression: A Historic Examination of Global Efforts to Expand Options for Treatment Including Investigations of Ketamine Pharmacotherapies
*Eric P Wiertelak(1), Jessica M. Hoover(1)
1. Macalester College
Keyword: Monoamine hypothesis, Treatment-resistant depression, antidepressant
Major depressive disorder significantly affects millions of people globally. The most common depression treatments focus on antidepressant medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), often paired with concurrent talk-based psychotherapy. While a majority of those who suffer from depression experience relief with this approach, approximately 30-40% do not with current best practices. The current project investigated the neuroscience and history of treatment options for depression worldwide, including the development of the monoamine hypothesis and the emergence of alternative pharmacological treatments, ketamine in particular. Recently, Japan and other countries have devoted significant research efforts in this regard, including the development of therapeutics that are now marketed worldwide including Esketamine (Spravato; Janssen Pharmaceuticals) and Arketamine (PCN 101; Perception Neuroscience and Otsuka Pharmaceutical) Ketamine, a N-methyl-D-aspirate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, represents a new approach to depression treatment and as such, could prove especially beneficial to individuals with treatment-resistant depression. The treatment of depression far predates the emerging use of ketamine; this poster also examines and summarizes the history of how neuropharmacological investigations of the role of the monoamine neurotransmitters in depressive symptomology has provided a wealth of information about the neuroscience of this disorder. Further, as not all of the history of the pharmacological treatment of depression is limited to the neuroscientific, relevant global sociopolitical events that influenced these efforts are also discussed. | | 2022年7月2日 11:00～12:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
3P-357
第二言語における語彙理解産出知識の相互作用が 理解処理に及ぼす影響：心理学的研究
The Effects of Interaction between Vocabulary Production and Comprehension Knowledge on Second Language Comprehension Processing: A Psychological Study
*アラル須本 ケンザ宝(1)、水原 啓暁(1)
1. 京都大学
*Takara Kenza Allal-Sumoto(1), Hiroaki Mizuhara(1)
1. Kyoto University
Keyword: SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION, VOCABULARY PRODUCTION AND COMPREHENSION, FORMULAIC SEQUENCES
Regarding second language acquisition, there seems to be a gap between learners’ vocabulary production and comprehension ability. The current study investigates cross-sectional effects between comprehension and production by directly comparing individual knowledge of second language vocabulary. We examine comprehension processing speed change focusing on vocabulary production knowledge or the lack thereof and considering other influential factors such as confidence, frequency of target words, stimulus duration, and individual differences. This study consisted of two parts; the screening task and the main task. The screening task was conducted to classify participants’ knowledge of each vocabulary into three knowledge levels: with production knowledge; with comprehension knowledge only; and non-comprehension. The participants performed English-Japanese bidirectional translation tasks. The tasks focused on adverb phrases and adjective phrases consisting of 3 or 4 words placed at the end of each sentence. Such phrases are called formulaic sequences, a word string that appears to be stored and retrieved as a whole from memory. Also, participants indicated the level of confidence in their understanding for the target phrases using the Likert scale. In the main task, nine participants listened to the sentences including the target phrases, and pressed the space key as soon as they could understand the sentence. To test the null hypothesis that reaction time remains unchanged according to vocabulary knowledge, Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) was applied with the three different knowledge levels as the fixed independent variables, the other influential factors as random variables, and the response time as the dependent variable. A model selected by AIC and BIC included only knowledge as a significant factor (AIC: χ2=7.13, p=0.03; BIC: χ2=9.42, p=0.01) on comprehension processing. Next, one-way Repeated Measure ANOVA with multiple comparison was conducted to investigate the effect of production knowledge on comprehension processing. The result showed a significant response time difference between those with production knowledge and those with only comprehension knowledge (AIC: z=2.65, p=0.02; BIC: z=3.05, p=0.01). Our study demonstrated that production knowledge had a more significant influence on comprehension processing than the other factors. | | 2022年7月2日 11:00～12:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
3P-358
感情神経科学の先駆としてのJames-Lange説（１）：Jamesの感情学説の原点について
The James-Lange theory as pioneering work in affective neuroscience, part 1: An original version of James's theory as a starting point
*佐藤 俊彦(1)
1. 長野大学
*Toshihiko Sato(1)
1. Nagano University
Keyword: history of neuroscience, emotion, James-Lange theory, brain mechanisms of emotion
William James (1884), an American philosopher and psychologist, and Carl Lange (1885), a Danish physician, proposed their independent theories of emotion in the late 19th century. Their theories made prominent contributions in the fields of affective neuroscience and psychology of emotion and emphasized the role of afferent neural input, that is, information transmitted from various peripheral body responses to the brain, to produce subjective experiences of emotion. As an original version of James’s theory of emotion, he published his paper in an academic journal, Mind in 1884. The contents of this paper can be summed up as follows: (1) two conflicting hypotheses were presented about an emotional process in the brain, that is, (a) there are separate and special centers as brainseat of emotion, or (b) emotional information was processed in the motor and sensory centers or in other brain areas not yet mapped out. (2) In his theory of emotion proposed here, the "standard emotions" will be considered that have a distinct bodily expression. (3) Discussion about priority of bodily changes to experienced emotion based on his introspective observation, including a hypothesis about an orderly sequence from perception of a fact through bodily changes to occurrence of emotional experience, as he wrote "bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact, and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur is the emotion." While he suggested priority and causality of bodily changes to experienced emotion based on his introspective observation, his major argument seemed to be the brain mechanism of emotion. The discussion about the psychological processes including the priority of bodily changes to emotional experience, as he wrote “we feel sorry because we cry”, appeared to be just circumstantial evidence to prove one of his physiological hypotheses. | | 2022年7月2日 11:00～12:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
3P-359
若年成人の身体–認知的健康の相互作用に関わるマルチモーダル脳画像マーカー
Multimodal imaging brain markers of physical–cognitive health interaction in young adults
*石原 暢(1)、宮崎 淳(2)、松田 哲也(3)
1. 神戸大学大学院人間発達環境学研究科、2. 早稲田大学グローバルエデュケーションセンター 、3. 玉川大学脳科学研究所
*Toru Ishihara(1), Atsushi Miyazaki(2), Tetsuya Matsuda(3)
1. Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 2. Global Education Center, Waseda University, 3. Tamagawa University Brain Science Institute
Keyword: Cognition, Obesity, Fitness, Hypertension
Within the last two decades, the link between physical and cognitive health has been well established. However, studies have rarely investigated the common brain markers of physical and cognitive health using multimodal imaging data. To explore the brain imaging markers for physical and cognitive health, this study analyzed data of 1,015 adults aged 22–37 years from the Human Connectome Project database. Cardiovascular risk markers (body mass index [BMI] and blood pressure [BP]), physical and motor fitness measures (submaximal endurance, gait speed, hand dexterity, and muscular strength), and performance on 15 cognitive tasks were analyzed as physical and cognitive health measures. As brain imaging markers, brain structure (cortical thickness, myelin content, neurite density, orientation dispersion, and subcortical volume) and nodal graph measures for resting-state functional connectivity (functional segregation, integration, and centrality) were explored. Sparse multiple canonical correlation analysis was performed to examine the association among four sets of variables, namely, physical health, cognitive health, brain structure, and functional connectivity. Cardiovascular risk markers demonstrated positive loadings (BMI: ρ = 0.66, diastolic BP: ρ = 0.17, and systolic BP: ρ = 0.15) while physical and motor fitness measures showed negative loadings (submaximal endurance: ρ = –0.58, hand dexterity: ρ = –0.40, gait speed: ρ = –0.10, and muscular strength: ρ = –0.05). Scores on the cognitive tasks showed negative loadings (e.g., crystallized cognition: ρ = –0.31 and fluid cognition: ρ = –0.22). The cortical thickness in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the myelin content, neurite density, and orientation dispersion in almost all regions showed positive loadings. The cortical thickness in the visual cortex and the subcortical volume in the hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum showed negative loadings. Functional segregation measures in the superior temporal sulcus and temporo-parieto-occipital junction showed positive loadings, while those in the somatosensory, motor, paracentral, and midcingulate, and posterior cingulate cortices showed negative loadings. Functional integration and centrality measures in the somatosensory, motor, paracentral, and midcingulate, and posterior cingulate cortices showed positive loadings, while those in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, frontal opercular, premotor, and inferior parietal cortices, superior temporal sulcus, and temporo-parieto-occipital junction showed negative loadings. This study provided multimodal brain imaging markers that link physical and cognitive health. Physical health may be linked with cognitive health via altered cortical micro and macrostructure, subcortical structure, and resting-state functional connectivity. | | 2022年7月2日 11:00～12:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
3P-360
ゼブラフィッシュとイジングモデル: 集団運動の統計モデリング
Zebrafish meets the Ising model: statistical modeling of collective motion
*田中 宏和(1)
1. 東京都市大学
*Hirokazu Tanaka(1)
1. Tokyo City University
Keyword: animal ethology, collective motion, Ising model, behavioral analysis
Animal groups' collective motion is often spontaneously ordered, although individual constituent action is erratic and unpredictable. The emergent order in joint motion indicates an asymptotic law as the number of individuals in a group increases. This study explores such statistical laws of zebrafish collective motion by combining machine-learning and statistical-mechanical approaches. First, we compute the two-dimensional positions of individuals in the school using the deep-learning method (idtracker.ai). The number of individuals ranges from 10, 60, 80, and 100, and each session spans ten minutes in a circular arena. The zebrafish school runs along the circular wall, either counter-clockwise or clockwise. The school with ten zebrafish does not show consistent rotations, whereas one with 100 zebrafish move in a bistable manner, interspaced with sudden transitions of rotation directions. We then model the collective motion by binarizing each zebrafish motion into an upstate (s=+1) for counter-clockwise or a downstate (s=-1) for clockwise rotation. The interaction between two individuals is Ising-like with K-nearest neighbors, and an external field's rotational preference bias is included. We consider two possible interactions: topological interactions independent of distance and metrical interactions dependent on distance. The gradient ascent algorithm finds the optimal value of interaction parameters by maximizing the log-likelihood function from the behavioral data. We discuss how zebrafish interact and determine directions of motion under the influence of other individuals. | | 2022年7月2日 11:00～12:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
3P-361
脳波脳トレ競技「ｂスポーツ」による健康脳の維持・増進
Maintenance and improvement of brain health by brainwave-based brain training competition, "bSports"
*長谷川 良平(1)、平田 仁(2)、髙田 宗樹(3)、渡邉 真哉(4)
1. 産業技術総合研究所、2. 名古屋大学、3. 福井大学、4. 筑波大学
*Ryohei P. Hasegawa(1), Hitoshi Hirata(2), Hiroki Takada(3), Shinya Watanabe(4)
1. AIST, 2. Nagoya Univ. , 3. Univ. of Fukui, 4. Univ. of Tsukuba
Keyword: EEG, BMI, Cognitive Training, Aging
The purpose of this research and development is to maintain and improve the brain health of older people and people with disabilities who have impaired motor function by repeatedly participating in cognitive training competitions “bSports” with real-time decoding of EEG data and their feedback. Brain training is considered to be effective for those people to prevent cognitive decline. It requires, however, quick and skillful operations by physical movements such as fingers. As a kind of Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) that directly connects the brain and the machine, we have developed a virtual switch “brain switch” that can be used for brain training system (“Neurotrainer🄬”). In this project, we plan to apply this system to “bSports” (brain training competition) and to verify the effects of improving cognitive function and facilitating social interaction, with specialists of preventive medicine and analysis of brain function in older people, in aging/depopulated areas such as Okumikawa Medical Valley in Aichi prefecture. | | 2022年7月2日 11:00～12:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
3P-362
PyTorch SSDによる種を区別したアリの検出
Detection of ant positions with distinguished species for behavioral tracking by PyTorch SSD
*内堀 早紀(1)、下地 博之(1)、三浦 佳二(1)
1. 関西学院大学理工学研究科
*Saki Uchibori(1), Hiroyuki Shimoji(1), Keiji Miura(1)
1. School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan
Keyword: deep learning, image processing, tracking, ants
Accurate characterization of animal behavior is important in neuroscience. For example, it is essential to track the location of insects as relevant behavioral data from the videos. In more specialized researches, for example, it is desirable to be able to track ants with their species labels identified or specific behaviors within the same species. However, if you just use existing ready-made softwares, they often fail to identify simply because the labels for specific (minor) species are not registered. To solve this problem, you need to prepare and train your own training data with the desired labels. Even though the sizes of data and models for deep learning would be too large to learn everything from scratch, it is relatively easy to learn by performing the transfer learning on existing neural network models, even at the experimental laboratory level. Thus it is important to accumulate the skills of transfer learning for laboratory-specific problems. In this study, we retrained a deep neural network based on VGG16 as PyTorch SSD by using several species of original ant images (50 large ants, 50 small ants, annotated with LabelImg). Then, for test images that were not used for training, we tried to estimate the location of ants while distinguishing species labels. As a result, we successfully identified ant species and detected their locations in 90% of the 20 images. This demonstrates that it is possible to identify the species and detect the location of ants for still images from relatively small number of training images. Here we used relatively similar images for training and test data photographed in the same laboratory as it is sufficient for some experimental setups. However, it should be noted that we do not know if it can be generalized to completely different environments. In the next step, we would like to build a more reliable discriminator for still images by increasing the variation of ant species and training images. In addition, we would like to improve it to species specific tracking by applying it to video snapshots. | | 2022年7月2日 11:00～12:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
3P-363
地域在住高齢者における脳容積の変化とドコサヘキサエン酸、エイコサペンタエン酸およびアラキドン酸摂取の関連
The association of docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid intake with changes in brain volumes among older community-dwelling Japanese people
*得田 久敬(1,4)、堀川 千賀(1,4)、西田 裕紀子(1)、中村 昭範(2,3)、加藤 隆司(3)、金田 喜久(4)、小畑 秀則(4)、櫓木 智裕(4)、中井 正晃(4)、下方 浩史(1,5)、大塚 礼(1)
1. 国立長寿医療研究センター老化疫学研究部、2. 国立長寿医療研究センターバイオマーカー開発研究部、3. 国立長寿医療研究センター脳機能画像診断開発部、4. サントリーウエルネス株式会社健康科学研究所、5. 名古屋学芸大学大学院栄養科学研究科
*Hisanori Tokuda(1,4), Chika Horikawa(1,4), Yukiko Nishita(1), Akinori Nakamura(2,3), Takashi Kato(3), Yoshihisa Kaneda(4), Hidenori Obata(4), Tomohiro Rogi(4), Masaaki Nakai(4), Hiroshi Shimokata(1,5), Rei Otsuka(1)
1. Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan., 2. Department of Biomarker Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan., 3. Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan., 4. Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd., Kyoto, Japan, 5. Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan.
Keyword: BRAIN ATROPHY, COGNITIVE DECLINE, LONG-CHAIN POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID, DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; ARACHIDONIC ACID
Background: The association of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) with brain atrophy has been studied in mainly Western countries. However, the average intake of DHA and EPA in Western countries is lower than that in Japan. This study examined the association of DHA, EPA, and arachidonic acid (ARA) intake with brain atrophy in older Japanese people.
Methods: Participants were community-dwelling Japanese people without self-reported history of dementia (n = 808, aged 60-89 years) from data sets of a 2-year follow-up study of the National Institute for Longevity Sciences-Longitudinal Study of Aging. LCPUFA intake was calculated from 3-day dietary records at baseline. Two-year changes in the frontal cortex, temporal cortex, and hippocampal volumes were assessed by T1 MPRAGE images and longitudinal FreeSurfer. The associations of multivariate-adjusted changes in brain volumes with baseline LCPUFA intake tertiles were assessed using a generalized linear model. For the additional analysis, the association between the risk of cognitive decline, defined as the odds ratio (OR) for a decrease in the MMSE score of at least 2 points from the baseline, and LCPUFA intake tertiles was also investigated using the multiple logistic regression model. Subgroup analysis was performed by restricting for the participants with low DHA and EPA intake (n = 267, median intake 326 mg/d), which was similar to that of Western countries.
Results: No significant associations between DHA or EPA intake and brain volume changes were found; however, the changes in the frontal volume were -755, -485, and -110 mm3, according to ARA intake tertiles in the ascending order (p = 0.008, p for trend = 0.002). The OR of cognitive decline in the high ARA tertile (0.62, 95%CI 0.39-0.99) was lower than that in the low tertile (ref). In the subgroup analysis, higher DHA or EPA intake was also associated with a smaller decrease in the temporal cortex volume. No significant associations between DHA or EPA intake and other brain volume changes were found. Furthermore, a higher DHA intake was accompanied by a reduction in the OR of cognitive decline.
Conclusions: Higher ARA intake was associated with a lesser decrease in the frontal cortex volume among older Japanese people. DHA or EPA intake could have a positive association with the preservation of the temporal cortex volume in older people with low DHA and EPA intake. | | 2022年7月2日 11:00～12:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
3P-364
ヨーガ実践中の交感神経活動が気分と不安の改善に及ぼす影響
Effects of sympathetic nervous activity during yoga practice on mood and anxiety improvement
*吉田 直美(1)、久保田 夏子(1)、北 一郎(1)
1. 東京都立大学人間健康科学研究科
*Naomi Yoshida(1), Natsuko Kubota(1), Ichiro Kita(1)
1. Tokyo Metropolitan Univesity, Department of Human Health Sciences
Keyword: Yoga, Sympathetic nervous activity , mood, anxiety
Yoga is one of the most popular practices for improving anxiety and mood, and it is also accompanied by alteration in autonomic function. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of yoga practice on changes in mood and anxiety state are poorly understood. It has been suggested that changes in emotion and mood are associated with autonomic nervous activity, especially sympathetic nervous activity (SNA). Thus, it is possible that the change of SNA induced by yoga practice may be involved in mood and anxiety improvements following to the practice. In most previous studies, beneficial effects of yoga on mood and anxiety, as well as autonomic function, have been determined by comparing those responses before and after the practice, but it is far from being elucidated whether or how the sympathetic activation induced during yoga is associated with mood and anxiety followed to the practice. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between the SNA during yoga practice and the changes in mood and anxiety after yoga practice, using heart rate variability (HRV) technique and correlation analysis. Twenty participants, who were yoga novices (aged 20 to 27 years; 8 females), completed two conditions of intervention (CON, sedentary; YOG, slow yoga movement synchronized with breathing). Each intervention was performed by all participants for 20 min, once a day. Heart rate was continuously recorded through the experiment using a heart rate sensor, and RRI (R-R interval) was measured. The frequency domains in the RRI (LF, low frequency; HF, high frequency) were measured, the LF/HF ratio was calculated as an index of SNA. The mood and anxiety were assessed before and after the intervention using questionnaires (POMS2 and STAI-S, respectively). YOG, but not CON, significantly increased LF/HF ratio during the intervention, and significantly decreased that after the intervention compared to that before the intervention. In addition, the change of LF/HF ratio by the intervention was negatively correlated with anxiety score and mood score including confusion, and was positively correlated with mood score including vigor and friendliness. These findings suggest that the sympathetic activation during yoga practice may be responsible for improving mood and anxiety. | | 2022年7月2日 11:00～12:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
3P-365
レチノイドXレセプター刺激によるエストラジオール合成の増加が脳虚血モデルに対する神経保護作用を発揮する
Retinoid X receptor-mediated neuroprotection against an ischemia model via increases in estradiol synthesis
*山崎 岳(1)、櫻井 光(1)、石原 康宏(1)
1. 広島大学大学院統合生命科学研究科
*Takeshi Yamazaki(1), Hikaru Sakurai(1), Yasuhiro Ishihara(1)
1. Grad Sch Integrated Sci for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
Keyword: retinoid X receptor, oxygen-glucose deprivation, estradiol, neuroprotection
Estradiol, a female sex steroid and one of the major neurosteroids, has potent neuroprotective actions. We have reported that estradiol synthesis was enhanced when retinoic acid was added into rat hippocampal slice culture. In this study, we investigated the effects of a potent retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist, bexarotene, on estrogen synthesis and neuroprotective action in hippocampal slices.
Treatment with bexarotene increased estradiol levels as well as expression of estrogen-synthesizing enzymes including CYP19 in hippocampal slice cultures. Oxygen-glucose deprivation of cultured slices (OGD) followed by culture in glucose and oxygen supply condition (reoxygenation) is a model of brain ischemia. Bexarotene significantly suppressed neuronal cell death induced by the OGD/reoxygenation. RXR agonists other than bexarotene, such as CD3254, also suppressed neuronal cell death accompanied by OGD/reoxygenation. The RXR antagonists HX531 and UVI3003 and the CYP19 inhibitor letrozole abolished the neuroprotection elicited by bexarotene, indicating that estradiol produced by RXR stimulation protects neurons from ischemic insult. The human brain-specific CYP19 promoter had 6 RXR half sites, and 2 of 6 half sites were responsible for CYP19 expression induced by bexarotene. Bexarotene increased the expression of catalase and glutathione peroxidase 1 and inhibited lipid peroxidation elicited by OGD/reoxygenation, suggesting that the antioxidative property of estrogen contributes to RXR-mediated neuroprotection. Bexarotene also suppressed neuronal injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in the hippocampal slices. Taken together, RXR stimulation can protect neurons via enhanced synthesis of estradiol with antioxidative mechanisms. The RXR estrogen axis might be a novel mechanism-based strategy to prevent or ameliorate ischemic and/or inflammatory neuronal disorders. | | 2022年7月2日 11:00～12:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
3P-366
感情および心を持つ簡単な神経回路は、自律性および主体を持ち、色等の信号を主観的にその心でみる可能性がある。
A simple neural network with emotions and mind has a possibility to have autonomy and its self and see subjectively color signals, etc. by its mind.
*高瀬 光雄(1)
1. LINFOPS有限会社
*Mitsuo Takase(1)
1. LINFOPS Inc.
Keyword: NEURAL NETWORK, color recognition, emotion, autonomy
It is imagined that a simple neural network with some conditions may create a human-like mind. It is what we feel its existence of as our minds or ourselves. But the created mind can not be perceived by any except the neural network itself. The essential conditions for us to know the mind existence are (1) emotions must be used, and (2) the stimulation from emotions is kept for a while to be able to be perceived, and (3) the result of like a choice is obtained. In this situation, a simple human-like mind has a possibility to be created and to appear. I already showed the case of a neural network where it chooses the better one of two objects with nearly same values where the conditions are kept. There, neural network parts which behave like amygdala can be created by simulations based on natural selection where a better object is pursued, worse ones are avoided. The total evaluation of a situation can be conducted from the direct perception of emotion-like signals and their summation. Here informations like emotions are combined with memory and PFC-like part. [1] This neural network has autonomy and its self. The neural network has its own favor and disgust, this leads to pursue its more favorite object even if struggling. This means the existence of autonomy and self in it. [2] When the value of each object comes from memories obtained by experiences, the object is expressed by its color, shape and size. Then the object is recognized by these characteristics. For example, in the case of a sweet tasty red apple but small and less tasty yellow apple but bigger, their values can have similar values. In the choice from these two apples, the neural network takes enough long time and chooses one of them. In this process, the upper three conditions are satisfied. There moreover, it can be thought that the self with the mind is seeing the red of the apple because in the process the red is being used to recognize the red apple where the signal red has also the upper three conditions when the emotions are replaced by the color. Here, it may be thought that the red seen by the self needs not to be the same red seen by human beings. | | 2022年7月2日 11:00～12:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
3P-367
Melanin-concentrating hormone-producing neurons directly innervated cholinergic neurons in the medial septum to regulate hippocampal memory across sleep/wakefulness state
*Sheikh Mizanur Rahaman(1,2), Hiroshi Yamaguchi(1,2), Akihiro Yamanaka(1,2)
1. Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, 2. Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
Keyword: Cholinergic neurons, Melanin-concentrating hormone
The basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons (ChAT) are major source of acetylcholine neurons in the central nervous system. These neurons are thought to play highly critical role in learning and memory formation and sleep/wake regulation. However, the precise role of ChAT in the medial septum (MSChAT) of the BF regulating wakefulness and memory formation remain unclear. Rabies virus based monosynaptic retrograde tracing confirmed that neurons in the BF area received inputs from different brain areas including diagonal band of broca, cortex, hippocampus, lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), ventral tegmental area, dorsal raphe and periaqueductal area. Among them, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) produced mainly in neurons localized in the LHA. We previously revealed that MCH neurons activated in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were involved in memory erasure in the hippocampus. To reveal the possibility that MCH neurons affect memory via the MSChAT, we performed electrophysiological recording from the MSChAT. Using MCH-tTA; TetO channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2); ChAT-Cre mice in which MCH neurons exclusively expressed ChR2 and ChAT neurons express Cre recombinase, we found that MSChAT monosynaptically activated by MCH neurons. Furthermore, by using chemogenetic activation and inhibition of MSChAT revealed that MSChAT were involved in memory formation. The hippocampus receives dense inputs from the MSChAT. Taken together, we found that MSChAT were involved in memory formation with functionally interact with MCH neurons in the LHA. This pathway might be involved in the hippocampal activity dynamics across sleep and wakefulness. | | 2022年7月2日 11:00～12:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
3P-368
グルコース摂取によるヒトの実効的注意力への寄与
Glucose intake enhances executive attention in human subjects
*劉 佳妍(1)、山城 皓太郎(1)、池谷 裕二(1,2)
1. 東京大学大学院薬学系研究科、2. Beyond AI研究推進機構
*JIAYAN LIU(1), Kotaro Yamashiro(1), Yuji Ikegaya(1,2)
1. Grad Sch Pham Sci, Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 2. Institute of AI and Beyond, Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Keyword: Glucose, Attention, the Stroop color and word test
Glucose is the essential energy source for neuron and is important for the maintenance of brain functions. In this study, we investigated the effect of oral glucose intake on executive attention in human subjects. Executive attention is the ability to manage one's attention to the specific information in a conflict environment where potentially distracting information also exists. In this study, we used an online Stroop color and word test (SCWT) to assess executive attention. There were three rules in the task. First, in the Color patches condition (rule C), participants were presented with a circle with a color of either red, green, blue, or yellow on the screen. Then, the participants were asked to answer the color with their keyboard as quickly as possible. Next, in the Word condition (rule W), participants were presented with a word representing a color in black font. The participants were required to answer the meaning of the word as quickly as possible. Finally, in the Color-word condition (rule CW), the words were displayed in incongruent color (for instance, the word “red” was displayed in green font). The participants were required to answer the color of the font but not the meaning of the word. The participants were divided into two groups: a glucose-intake group and a control group. To evaluate the performance of the SCWT, we used the time interference (TI) score (TI = reaction time under rule CW - (reaction time under rule W + reaction time under rule C)/2), the error rate, and the number of correct responses. As the result, the time interference score TI and the error rate in rule C were significantly smaller in the glucose-fed group than in the control group. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the error rates under rule W and rule CW, also in the total number of correct responses under the three rules. Our study suggests that oral glucose intake enhances executive attention in human subjects. Since the test was conducted completely online, the results of our research have implications for improving the efficiency of online learning. | | 2022年7月2日 11:00～12:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
3P-369
Organization of the projections from the medial frontal subregions to the amygdala in rodents: An anterograde and retrograde tracing study
*Paola Aleman-Andrade(1), Christine L. Marchena(1), Taichi Kawamura(2), Shinya Ohara(2), Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui(1,2)
1. Lab of Sys Neurosci, Grad Sch Med, Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Japan, 2. Lab of Sys Neurosci, Grad Sch Life Sci, Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Japan
Keyword: medial frontal cortex, amygdala, dorsal peduncular cortex, infralimbic cortex
The connectivity from the medial frontal cortex (MFC) to amygdala has long been studied for its roles in emotional regulation. Research in rodents has specially focused the attention on the projections from the MFC subregions prelimbic- (PL) and infralimbic- (IL) cortex to amygdala. Previous anatomical studies have shown that PL mainly targets the basolateral amygdala (BLA) whereas IL seems to distribute widely throughout the amygdala subnuclei. The most ventral subregion, the dorsal peduncular (DP) cortex has not been properly distinguished and we lack a detailed description of its projections to amygdala. Moreover, studies have frequently referred together IL and DP as ventral MFC which may have led to the contrasting results observed in some behavioral paradigms. To elucidate the function of the MFC subregions in the modulation and regulation of emotion, it becomes important to better characterize the projections from MFC to amygdala.
Here, we re-examined the projections from MFC to the amygdala nuclei by injecting anterograde tracers (either PHA-L or BDA) in PL, IL or DP. We then analyzed the distribution of the labeled axons throughout the amygdala subnuclei. In addition, to confirm the observations, we injected retrograde chemical tracers (FluoroGold) into BLA or the basomedial amygdala (BMA) to label the amygdala projecting neurons in MFC. In line with previous reports, the results suggested that PL projects preferentially to BLA. Interestingly, our results revealed a distinct organization of the projections from the subregions of ventral MFC to amygdala. IL was found to mainly target the anterior part of BLA and the posterior part of BMA whereas the most ventrally located DP projections seemed to be focused in the anterior and posterior parts of BMA. These parallel and distinct pathways from IL and DP to amygdala may play distinct roles in emotional regulation. | | 2022年7月2日 11:00～12:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
3P-370
正常圧水頭症の全脳コネクトーム
Whole brain connectome in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
*長谷川 晋也(1,2)、吉丸 大輔(3)、小林 未佳(1)、村井 尚之(4)
1. 千葉県済生会習志野病院放射線科、2. 群馬県民健康科学大学放射線科、3. 東京慈恵会医科大学再生医学研究部、4. 千葉県済生会習志野病院脳神経外科
*Shinya Hasegawa(1,2), Daisuke Yoshimaru(3), Mika Kobayashi(1), Hisayuki Murai(4)
1. Department of Radiology Chiba Saiseikai Narashino Hospital, 2. Gunma Prefectual College of Health Sciences, 3. The Jikei University School of Medicine, 4. Department of Neurosurgery Chiba Saiseikai Narashino Hospital
Keyword: Whole brain connectome
＜Purpose＞
The clinical symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) are gait disturbance, cognitive decline, and incontinence. Typical clinical findings obtained from brain images shows ventriculomegaly with an Evans’ index >0.3, enlarged Sylvian fissures, tight medial and high convexity sulci, callosal angle between <50° and >90°. Thus, we consider that these clinical symptoms are related to degeneration of brain structure and loss of brain function. Actually, Tomas Radovnicky et al. reported an increased index of neural connection strength obtained from Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the internal capsule of the hindlimb in iNPH.Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the structural connectivity, which is whole-brain connectome analysis, between brain regions in the iNPH and control groups by using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).
＜Materials and Methods＞
This study was evaluated and approved by our Institutional ethical committee.We performed a whole brain connectome analysis using DWI data obtained from iNPH patients (n=30) and healthy volunteers (n=15).All examinations were performed on 3.0-tesla MRI system (Ingenia, Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands). We analyzed the connectivity of all brain regions from the obtained DWI data. Statistical analysis was performed using JMP, Benjamin–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction [29] was performed to multiple comparisons (P < 0.05) for comparing connectivity of all brain regions.
＜Result＞
Compared to healthy volunteers, iNPH patients showed significantly decreased connectivity in frontal, parietal, and caudate nucleus regions. Based on feature extract by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), orbitofrontal cortex, lateral locus, temporal pole, and entorhinal cortex regions in iNPH patients were selected as important features.
＜Conclusion＞
Statistical analysis exhibited a significant decrease in parietal and frontal lobe regions. Machine learning analysis selected temporal and frontal lobe.It was shown that the changes in connectivity in iNPH occurred in all brain regions, not just specific ones. | | 2022年7月2日 11:00～12:00 沖縄コンベンションセンター 展示棟 ポスター会場1
3P-371
Wasserstein Distanceを用いたPhase-Amplitude Couplingの新たな定量化手法の開発
Measuring Phase-Amplitude Coupling between Neural Oscillations of Different Frequencies via the Wasserstein Distance
*大城 武史(1)
1. 東京大学国際高等研究所ニューロインテリジェンス国際研究機構
*Takefumi Ohki(1)
1. International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo
Keyword: neural oscillations, cross-frequency coupling, EEG, MEG
Background: Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) is a key neuronal mechanism. Here, a novel method for quantifying PAC via the Wasserstein distance is presented.
New Method: The Wasserstein distance is an optimization algorithm for minimizing transportation cost and distance. For the first time, the author has applied this distance function to quantify PAC and named the Wasserstein Modulation Index (wMI). As the wMI accommodates the product of the amplitude value in each phase position and the coupling phase position, it allows for extraction of more detailed PAC features from the data.
Results: The validity of the wMI calculations were examined using various simulation data, including sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal waves and empirical data sets. The current findings showed that the wMI is a more robust and stable index for quantifying PAC under various measuring conditions. Specifically, it can better reflect the timing of coupling and distinguish the shape of the coupling distribution than other measurements, both of which are the most significant parameters related to the functionality of phase-amplitude coupling. Furthermore, the wMI is also suitable for many applications, such as more data-driven approaches and direct comparisons.
Comparison with Existing Method(s): The wMI is not easily affected by the non-sinusoidal nature of neural oscillation compared with Euler-based PAC methods, and enables better reflection of the natures of PAC, such as the timing of coupling and the amplitude distribution in the phase plane, than MI.
Conclusion: The wMI is expected to extract more detailed PAC characteristics, which could considerably contribute to the neuroscience field. | |
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