シンポジウム
17 The insula and claustrum: from synapse to cognition
座長：石山 晋平（University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz）・乘本 裕明（北海道大学） |
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| 2022年7月1日 9:03～9:24 ラグナガーデンホテル 羽衣：東 第8会場
2S08m-01
The role of the insula in the salience network
*Lucina Qazi Uddin(1)
1. University of California Los Angeles
Keyword: executive function
Executive control processes and flexible behaviors rely on the integrity of, and dynamic interactions between, large-scale functional brain networks. The right insular cortex is a critical component of a salience/midcingulo-insular network that is thought to mediate interactions between brain networks involved in externally oriented (central executive/lateral frontoparietal network) and internally oriented (default mode/medial frontoparietal network) processes. How these brain systems reconfigure with development is a critical question for cognitive neuroscience, with implications for neurodevelopmental pathologies affecting brain connectivity. I will describe studies examining how brain network dynamics support flexible behaviors in typical and atypical development, presenting evidence suggesting a unique role for the dorsal anterior insular from studies of meta-analytic connectivity modeling, dynamic functional connectivity, and structural connectivity. These findings from adults, typically developing children, and children with autism suggest that structural and functional maturation of insular pathways is a critical component of the process by which human brain networks mature to support complex, flexible cognitive processes throughout the lifespan. | | 2022年7月1日 9:24～9:45 ラグナガーデンホテル 羽衣：東 第8会場
2S08m-02
A BOTTOM-UP APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING THE CLAUSTRUM
*George J Augustine(1), Martin Graf(1), Kelly Wong(1), Gao Xiang Ham(1), Adita Nair(1)
1. Lee Kong Chian School of Med, Nanyang Technological University
Keyword: claustrum, local circuits, neuromodulators, interneurons
Our laboratory has combined electrophysiology, optogenetics, anatomy and genetics to study the organization and function of the mouse claustrum. Rather than using a “top down” behavioral or systems neuroscience approach, we have dissected the claustrum from the “bottom up” by characterizing the types of neurons found within the claustrum and their functional connectivity. A comprehensive analysis of the intrinsic electrical properties of individual neurons indicates that there are 5 different types of claustral projection neurons (eNeuro 7: ENEURO.0216-20.2020). Each of these neuron types seem to project preferentially to different cortical or subcortical targets. In some cases, these projection neurons are segregated into different compartments within the claustrum complex and also receive different types of cortical and subcortical input. They also differ in their sensitivity to the modulatory neurotransmitters acetylcholine and serotonin. We have also identified 3 types of interneurons within the claustrum that can be distinguished based on whether they express parvalbumin (PV-IN), somatostatin (SST-IN) or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP-IN). These roughly correspond to the main types of interneurons found in the cortex. Both projection neurons and interneurons form local circuits within the claustrum. We have used optogenetic circuit mapping technology (Cell Rep. 7: 1601) to thoroughly characterize the local inhibitory connectome of the claustrum. Although each type of claustrum interneuron connects to all other interneurons and to all projection neurons, the function, connectivity and spatial organization of these circuits differ substantially for each type of presynaptic interneuron and for each type of postsynaptic cell. These local inhibitory and disinhibitory circuits are likely to play a fundamental role in shaping claustral output. In summary, our work provides the foundation for a data-based computational model of claustrum information processing and also can be used to guide future systems-level analyses of claustrum function. | | 2022年7月1日 9:45～10:06 ラグナガーデンホテル 羽衣：東 第8会場
2S08m-03
Regulation of complex feeding behaviors by insular cortex Nos1 neurons
*Sarah Stern Stern(1,2), Maria Olvera(1), Yang-Sun Huang(1), Darielle Lewis-Sanders(1), Estefania Azevedo(2), Violet Ivan(2), Jeffrey Friedman(2)
1. Max Planck Florida Institute, 2. Rockefeller University
Keyword: Insular Cortex, Feeding , Conditioned Taste Aversion, Amygdala
Behavioral models in which mice are conditioned to increase or decrease food intake in a manner that does not reflect homeostatic needs, would greatly enhance our understanding of the neural circuitry controlling these complex feeding-related disorders. Cue-food associations that are formed during periods of hunger lead to long-lasting memories that control non-homeostatic consumption past the point of satiation (conditioned overconsumption, CO). Interestingly, cue-food associations with negative outcomes (e.g. nausea, stomachache) can also lead to long-lasting memories in which food intake is later restricted (conditioned taste aversion, CTA). Both of these behaviors require the insular cortex (IC), but the mechanisms by which these divergent behaviors arise is unknown. We recently discovered that insular cortex Nos1 neurons are required for CO (Stern et al., 2021), through a projection to the central amygdala and that these neurons are activated during consumption bouts. Our current work utilizes viral tracing, behavioral testing and calcium imaging in order to investigate the role of Nos1 neurons in CTA in order to understand how the insular cortex integrates diverse information related to food intake to flexibly control feeding behaviors. Together, these studies will generate an understanding of how maladaptive food choice behavior arises in the brain, and will illuminate potential therapeutic targets for eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and binge-eating disorder. | | 2022年7月1日 10:09～10:30 ラグナガーデンホテル 羽衣：東 第8会場
2S08m-04
Tickling differentially modulates activity in the rat anterior insula
*Shimpei Ishiyama(1)
1. University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz
Keyword: ultrasonic vocalization, social play, insula
Since Darwin described diverse biological aspects of emotions, understanding internal states has become one of the major challenges with lots of debate on emotions definition and their
expression across species. Yet, brain mechanisms underlying internal states that drive evolutionary conserved behaviours remain elusive. Ticklishness is a peculiar sensation seen in
social species from rodents to humans. When tickled, rats emit appetitive 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations, in addition to pronounced chasing behaviour, emphasizing the rewarding nature of tickling. Previous work showed the activation of the trunk somatosensory cortex (S1) in response to tickling. Microstimulation in S1 deep layers equally evokes vocalizations
(Ishiyama & Brecht, 2016). It is, however, unknown how the tickle tactile sensation is coupled to a positive emotional state. In this study, we focus on the insula being a central hub for emotional processing and receiving many inputs from sensory areas. In vivo freely-moving
extracellular recordings revealed activation of insular neurons during tickling, with a notable effect seen in layer 2/3 of the dysgranular insula. Moreover, insula’s subdivisions showed
distinct responses to tickling different body parts. Population firing rate of insula neurons increased ~ 70 ms before vocalization onset. Insula activity further increased upon vocalization offset, with the most prominent effect seen in layers 4 and 6 of the granular insula but not in layer 5. Clustering of peri-stimulus time histogram revealed differential response patterns to vocal emission, with one cluster showing inhibition during vocalization. Our preliminary
results suggest that the insula might be implicated in the processing of ticklishness and vocalizations. We will further continue investigating potential circuits involved in the
modulation of ticklish emotional response. | | 2022年7月1日 10:30～10:51 ラグナガーデンホテル 羽衣：東 第8会場
2S08m-05
On the brain of a sleeping dragon
*Lorenz Fenk(1)
1. Max Planck Institute for Brain Research
Keyword: claustrum, sleep, dynamics, evolution
This talk will explore the dynamics and coordination of sleep rhythms in the dragon Pogona vitticeps, drawing from some of our latest work on the reptilian claustrum. | | | |
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